Introduction to Biodiversity

These flashcards cover key concepts related to biodiversity and its significance in ecosystems, including levels of biodiversity, ecological succession, and human impacts on ecosystem services.

What are the three levels of biodiversity in an ecosystem?

Genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.

Why is genetic diversity important for a population?

It enables better responses to environmental stressors and reduces vulnerability to disturbances.

What does species richness refer to?

The number of different species found in an ecosystem.

What are the two main types of ecological succession?

Primary succession and secondary succession.

How do anthropogenic activities affect ecosystem services?

They can disrupt the ability of ecosystems to function, leading to economic and ecological consequences.

What is inbreeding depression?

It occurs when closely related organisms breed, leading to harmful genetic mutations in offspring due to reduced genetic variability.

What is island biogeography?

The study of ecological relationships and species distribution on islands.

What are the four categories of ecosystem services?

Provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services.

What happens during a bottleneck event?

Population size drastically reduces, leading to decreased genetic diversity and increased vulnerability to disturbances.

What is ecological tolerance?

The range of environmental conditions that an organism can endure without suffering injury or death.

How does the distance to mainland affect species richness on islands?

Islands closer to the mainland have higher species richness due to easier access for colonizing organisms.

What is resilience in ecosystems?

The ability of an ecosystem to return to its original conditions after a major disturbance.

What role do pioneer species play in ecological succession?

They are the first organisms to colonize previously unoccupied habitats, helping to develop soil and create conditions for other species.

How can humans disrupt regulating services provided by ecosystems?

By activities like deforestation, pollution, and urbanization, which can alter natural processes like carbon storage and climate regulation.

What is the significance of genetic diversity in adaptation?

Greater genetic diversity within a population increases the likelihood that some individuals will have traits that allow them to adapt to environmental changes.

Describe the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem health.

Higher biodiversity generally leads to greater ecosystem health and resilience, as more species can better utilize resources and recover from disturbances.