2A-2B

Group IIA elements

Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Radium (Ra)

Mnemonic for Group IIA elements

Be My Cute Sweet Baby Rat

General properties of Group IIA metals

Harder, less reactive than Group IA; activity increases down the group; form M2+ ions; basic oxides and hydroxides.

Uses of Beryllium

Fluorescent lamps.

Cation type of Magnesium in the body

2nd most abundant intracellular cation.

Compound in plants that contains magnesium

Chlorophyll.

Reagent containing magnesium in organic chemistry

Grignard reagent (RMgX).

Pharmacologic actions of Magnesium

Laxative, depressant, natural Ca-channel blocker.

Antidote for magnesium toxicity

Calcium gluconate.

Important magnesium compounds and their uses

MgCO3 – Antacid/laxative; MgO – Universal antidote; MgSO4 – Epsom salt; Mg(OH)2 – Milk of Magnesia; Talc – Dusting powder; Mg citrate – Cathartic.

Cation type of Calcium in the body

2nd most abundant extracellular cation.

Major calcium compound in bones and teeth

Hydroxyapatite.

Vitamin required for calcium absorption

Vitamin D.

Pharmacologic roles of Calcium

Blood coagulation, muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release.

Common calcium deficiency diseases

Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, Rickets, Hypocalcemia.

Important calcium compounds and their uses

CaCO3 – Antacid; CaCl2 – Electrolyte; Ca gluconate – Mg antidote; Ca lactate – Supplement; Ca(OH)2 – Antacid/saponifier; CaO – Quicklime; Ca3(PO4)2 – Bone ash; Ca(OCl)2 – Disinfectant; CaSO4 – Plaster of Paris.

Uses of Strontium

Red fireworks, bone scan tracer.

Desensitizer compound in Sensodyne

Strontium chloride (SrCl2).

Barium toxicity name

Baritosis.

Antidote for barium poisoning

Epsom salt (MgSO4).

Firework color produced by barium

Green.

Use of barium sulfate

Radiopaque agent for GIT imaging.

Discoverer of radium

Curie.

First radioactive element discovered

Polonium.

Medical uses of Radium

Radiotherapy, diagnostic imaging.

Group IIB elements

Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg).

Mnemonic for Group IIB elements

Zinc Can Melt.

General properties of Group IIB metals

Exhibit auto-complexation; only zinc is amphoteric.

Biological sources of Zinc

Insulin, carbonic anhydrase.

Industrial use of Zinc

Galvanized iron (iron coating).

Zinc deficiency and toxicity diseases

Deficiency – Parakeratosis; Toxicity – Metal Fume Fever.

Main ore of Zinc

Sphalerite.

Important zinc compounds and their uses

ZnCl2 – Disinfectant; ZnO – Protectant; ZnS – White sulfide; ZnSO4 – Emetic; Zn silicate – Protectant; Zn eugenol – Dental cement.

Toxic disease caused by Cadmium

Itai-Itai disease.

Antidotes for Cadmium poisoning

BAL or EDTA.

Uses of Cadmium

Astringent, used in stink bombs.

Important cadmium compounds and their uses

CdCl2 – Emetic; CdS – Anti-seborrheic; CdSO4 – Ophthalmic antiseptic.

Other names for Mercury

Quicksilver, Messenger of the gods.

Natural source of Mercury

Cinnabar (HgS).

Mercury-related diseases

Minamata disease, Acrodynia (Pink disease), Erethism.

Antidote for Mercury poisoning

EDTA.

Important mercury compounds and their uses

Hg2Cl2 – Calomel (cathartic); HgCl2 – Corrosive sublimate; HgI/HgI2 – Syphilis/ulcers; HgO – Yellow precipitate; NH2HgOH – White precipitate (anti-infective).

Most toxic metal

Beryllium (Be).

Natural calcium channel blocker

Magnesium (Mg).

Antidote for Mg toxicity

Calcium gluconate.

Antidote for Ba poisoning

Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt).

Antidotes for Cd and Hg poisoning

BAL or EDTA.

Disease associated with Cadmium

Itai-Itai disease.

Disease associated with Mercury

Minamata/Pink disease, Erethism.

Disease associated with Barium

Baritosis.

Disease associated with Zinc

Parakeratosis.

Universal Antidote components

1 part MgO, 2 parts Charcoal, 1 part Tannic Acid.

Active ingredient in Sensodyne

Strontium chloride (SrCl2).

Radiopaque compound for imaging

Barium sulfate (BaSO4).

Bone tracer element

Strontium (Sr).

Metal used to galvanize iron

Zinc (Zn).

First radioactive element discovered by Curie

Polonium.