2A-2B
Question | Answer |
What elements belong to Group IIA? | Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Radium (Ra) |
What is the mnemonic for Group IIA elements? | Be My Cute Sweet Baby Rat |
What are the general properties of Group IIA metals? | Harder, less reactive than Group IA; activity increases down the group; form M2+ ions; basic oxides and hydroxides. |
Is beryllium used in medicine? | No, it’s the most toxic alkaline earth metal. |
What is beryllium used for? | Fluorescent lamps. |
What type of cation is magnesium in the body? | 2nd most abundant intracellular cation. |
What compound in plants contains magnesium? | Chlorophyll. |
What reagent contains magnesium in organic chemistry? | Grignard reagent (RMgX). |
What are magnesium’s pharmacologic actions? | Laxative, depressant, natural Ca-channel blocker. |
What is the antidote for magnesium toxicity? | Calcium gluconate. |
List important magnesium compounds and their uses. | MgCO3 – Antacid/laxative; MgO – Universal antidote; MgSO4 – Epsom salt; Mg(OH)2 – Milk of Magnesia; Talc – Dusting powder; Mg citrate – Cathartic. |
What type of cation is calcium in the body? | 2nd most abundant extracellular cation. |
What is the major calcium compound in bones and teeth? | Hydroxyapatite. |
Which vitamin is required for calcium absorption? | Vitamin D. |
What are calcium’s pharmacologic roles? | Blood coagulation, muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release. |
Name common calcium deficiency diseases. | Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, Rickets, Hypocalcemia. |
List important calcium compounds and their uses. | CaCO3 – Antacid; CaCl2 – Electrolyte; Ca gluconate – Mg antidote; Ca lactate – Supplement; Ca(OH)2 – Antacid/saponifier; CaO – Quicklime; Ca3(PO4)2 – Bone ash; Ca(OCl)2 – Disinfectant; CaSO4 – Plaster of Paris. |
What is strontium used for? | Red fireworks, bone scan tracer. |
What compound in Sensodyne acts as desensitizer? | Strontium chloride (SrCl2). |
What is barium toxicity called? | Baritosis. |
What is the antidote for barium poisoning? | Epsom salt (MgSO4). |
What color does barium produce in fireworks? | Green. |
What is barium sulfate used for? | Radiopaque agent for GIT imaging. |
Who discovered radium? | Curie. |
What is the first radioactive element discovered? | Polonium. |
What are radium’s medical uses? | Radiotherapy, diagnostic imaging. |
Which elements belong to Group IIB? | Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg). |
What is the mnemonic for Group IIB? | Zinc Can Melt. |
What are general properties of Group IIB metals? | Exhibit auto-complexation; only zinc is amphoteric. |
Where is zinc found biologically? | Insulin, carbonic anhydrase. |
What is zinc used for industrially? | Galvanized iron (iron coating). |
What are zinc deficiency and toxicity diseases? | Deficiency – Parakeratosis; Toxicity – Metal Fume Fever. |
What is zinc’s main ore? | Sphalerite. |
List important zinc compounds and their uses. | ZnCl2 – Disinfectant; ZnO – Protectant; ZnS – White sulfide; ZnSO4 – Emetic; Zn silicate – Protectant; Zn eugenol – Dental cement. |
What is the toxic disease caused by cadmium? | Itai-Itai disease. |
What are the antidotes for cadmium poisoning? | BAL or EDTA. |
What are cadmium’s uses? | Astringent, used in stink bombs. |
List important cadmium compounds and their uses. | CdCl2 – Emetic; CdS – Anti-seborrheic; CdSO4 – Ophthalmic antiseptic. |
What are other names for mercury? | Quicksilver, Messenger of the gods. |
What is the natural source of mercury? | Cinnabar (HgS). |
What are mercury-related diseases? | Minamata disease, Acrodynia (Pink disease), Erethism. |
What is the antidote for mercury poisoning? | EDTA. |
List important mercury compounds and their uses. | Hg2Cl2 – Calomel (cathartic); HgCl2 – Corrosive sublimate; HgI/HgI2 – Syphilis/ulcers; HgO – Yellow precipitate; NH2HgOH – White precipitate (anti-infective). |
Most toxic metal? | Beryllium (Be). |
Natural Ca-channel blocker? | Magnesium (Mg). |
Antidote for Mg toxicity? | Calcium gluconate. |
Antidote for Ba poisoning? | Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt). |
Antidotes for Cd and Hg poisoning? | BAL or EDTA. |
Disease associated with cadmium? | Itai-Itai disease. |
Disease associated with mercury? | Minamata/Pink disease, Erethism. |
Disease associated with barium? | Baritosis. |
Disease associated with zinc? | Parakeratosis. |
Universal Antidote components? | 1 part MgO, 2 parts Charcoal, 1 part Tannic Acid. |
Sensodyne active ingredient? | Strontium chloride (SrCl2). |
Radiopaque compound for imaging? | Barium sulfate (BaSO4). |
Bone tracer element? | Strontium (Sr). |
Metal used to galvanize iron? | Zinc (Zn). |
First radioactive element discovered by Curie? | Polonium. |