ANP 4.2-4.3

atlas

the first cervical vertebra; specialized to provide the connection between the occipital bone of the skull and the spinal column

axial skeleton

central, stable portion of the skeletal system, consisting of the skull, spinal column, and thoracic cage

axis

the second cervical vertebra; specialized with an upward projection called the odontoid process, on which the atlas rotates

cervical region

the first 7 vertebrae, comprising the neck

coccyx

4 fused vertebrae at the base of the spine forming the tailbone

cranium

fused, flat bones surrounding the back of the head

facial bones

bones of the face

fontanel

openings in the infant skull through which the baby's pulse can be felt; these openings enable compression of the skull during birth and brain growth during late pregnancy and early infancy

intervertebral discs

fibrocartilaginous cushions between vertebral bodies that allow bending of the spine and help to create the normal spinal curves

lumbar region

low back region of the spine composed of 5 vertebrae

mandible

jaw bone

maxillary bones

two fused bones that form the upper jaw, house the upper teeth, and connect to all other bones of the face, with the exception of the mandible

sacrum

five fused vertebrae that form the posterior of the pelvic girdle

skull

the part of the skeleton composed of all of the bones of the head

sternum

breastbone

sutures

joints in which irregularly grooved, articulating bone sheets join closely and are tightly connected by fibrous tissues

thoracic cage

bony structure surrounding the heart and lungs in the thoracic cavity; composed of the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae

thoracic region

the 12 vertebrae in the middle of the back

vertebra

one of the bones making up the spinal column

appendicular skeleton

the bones of the body's appendages; the arms and legs

carpal bones

bones of the wrist

clavicle

doubly curved long bone that forms part of the shoulder girdle; the collarbone

femur

thigh bone

fibula

bone of the lower leg; does not bear weight

humerus

major bone of the upper arm

lower extremity

bones of the hips, legs, and feet

metacarpals

the five interior bones of the hand, connecting the carpals in the wrist to the phalanges in the fingers

metatarsals

small bones of the ankle

patella

kneecap

pelvis

bones of the pelvic girdle and the coccyx at the base of the spine

phalanges

bones of the fingers

radius

smaller of the two bones in the forearm; rotates around the ulna

scapula

shoulder blade

shoulder complex

all joints surrounding the shoulder, including the acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and glenohumeral joints

shoulder girdle

bones surrounding the shoulder, including the clavicle and scapula

tarsals

bones of the ankle

tibia

major weight-bearing bone of the lower leg

ulna

larger bone of the lower arm

upper extremity

bones of the shoulders, arms, and hands