AP World History Review: Units 1-5

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from AP World History Units 1-5.

Confucianism

A philosophical understanding of the world that is hierarchical and was carried over from the Tang Dynasty but revived during the Song Dynasty.

Imperial Bureaucracy

Appointed officials who carry out the empire's policies; the Song Dynasty expanded it to consolidate power.

Chan Buddhism

A Chinese innovation on Buddhism, melding it with traditional Chinese ideas like Taoism.

Champa Rice

Rice from the Champa Kingdom (modern Vietnam) that could be harvested more than once a year.

Grand Canal

An internal waterway acting as a transportation system enabling China to become the most populous trading center in the world.

Dar Al Islam

Islamic cultural region

Sufi Movement

A mystical form of Islam that was able to adapt to local forms and cultures, facilitating its spread.

Jizya

A tax that non-Muslims had to pay in the Delhi Sultanate.

Aztec Tribute System

A decentralized state where local governors extract tribute from conquered peoples.

Swahili

A language that is a blend of Bantu and Arabic. Facilitated trade in Africa

Feudalism

Organizing principle for Europe, where a king granted land to lords in exchange for tribute.

Manorial System

Encompassed a whole village and was where peasants/serfs lived their entire lives.

Three Field System

Crops were rotated through three fields; enabled more food to be grown and led to a population explosion.

Silk Roads

Luxury goods were traded here. The most prominent of which was silk. Trade here led to growth of commerce and certain cities.

Caravansarai

Series of inns and guesthouses along the Silk Road.

Money Economies

New forms of credit based on a Chinese model. Banking houses came from this

Indian Ocean Network

The world's most significant sea-based trade network (up to about 1500). Grew due to desire for goods, technological innovations, and the spread of Islam.

Diasporic Communities

Settlement created by people living apart from their homeland.

Trans-Saharan Trade

Connected North Africa/Mediterranean with the interior and West Africa. Innovation in Arabian camel.

Bubonic Plague/Black Death

Disease that went through trade routes

Mongol Empire

The largest land-based empire in history which facilitated interconnection and interaction across Afro-Eurasia

Gunpowder

Used by land based empires to rise in power. Key to remember about land based empires.

Janissaries

Ottoman military force of enslaved Christians converted to Islam.

Zamindar Tax Collection System

Tax system to consolidate power where Mughal leaders were Muslim but ruled over a almost entirely Hindu population

Tax Farming

Ottoman right to tax people on behalf of empire

Divine Right

Said that a ruler is a representative of God on Earth.

Palace of Versailles

It was built by Louis XIV of France, who forced many French nobility to live there, which meant less power for them and more for himself.

Consolidating Power

When you consolidate something, you bring lots of things together in one.

Legitimizing Power

What a state uses to communicate who's in charge.

Counter/Catholic Reformation

The Roman Catholic Church responding to the recent split between the Catholic and Protestant Church.

Sikhism

Syncretic blend of Hindu and Islamic doctrines

Maritime Empires

Sea based empires

Enlightenment

New ways of thinking, embodied created the occasion for reform and revolution

Enlightenment

Shifted the focus of knowledge from belief to empirical data and observation.

Natural Rights

That monarchs don't give people their rights, that the creator gives people their rights.

Nationalism

People's sense of belonging to each other based on a common language, religion, social customs, and state/territory, the pride in being who we are and how we speak and how we do in our way of life

Industrial Revolution

Change in how stuff was made for sale, no longer made by hand be instead by machines

Factory System

Mass produce goods. Textiles, or clothing dominated in this phase ( 1750s- 1830s)

Second Industrial Revolution

Eighteen thirties to nineteen twenties. Steel, and oil was the defining element here. Internal combustion engine was powered by oil.

Mercantilism

Economic system that looks at the world like it was a limited- wealth pie,

Free Market Capitalism/ Adam Smith

Government should have its hands off the economy. Consumers make their own choices through the forces of supply and demand, and then the invisible hand will lead to prosperity

Transnational Corporations

Companies that operate across multiple national boundaries.

Labor Unions

Workers got together into these groups to fight for minimum wage laws, the right to work shorter days, the right to overtime pay, a five-day work week, etc.

Karl Marx

He believed that capitalism and its entrenched class structure was ruining the absolute world. Made a name for himself being a critic of industrial capitalism.