amendments

1st Amendment

Protects the freedom of religion, speech, and the press, as well as the right to assemble and petition the government

2nd Amendment

Protects the right to bear arms

3rd Amendment

Prohibits the forced quartering of soldiers out of war time

4th Amendment

Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based on probable cause

5th Amendment

Sets out rules for indictment by grand jury and eminent domain, protects the right to due process, and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy

6th Amendment

Protects the right to have a fair and speedy public trial by jury, including the rights to be notified of the accusations, to confront the accuser, to obtain witnesses and to retain counsel

7th Amendment

Provides for the right to trial by jury in certain civil cases, according to common law

8th Amendment

Prohibits excessive fines and excessive bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishment

9th Amendment

Asserts the existence of unenumerated rights retained by the people

10th Amendment

Limits the powers of the federal government to those delegated to it by the Constitution

11th Amendment

Immunity of states from suits from out-of-state citizens and foreigners not living within the state borders. Lays the foundation for sovereign immunity

12th Amendment

Revises presidential election procedures

13th Amendment

Abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime

14th Amendment

Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post-Civil War issues

15th Amendment

Prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude

16th Amendment

Allows the federal government to collect income tax

17th Amendment

Establishes the direct election of United States Senators by popular vote

18th Amendment

Establishes Prohibition of alcohol (Repealed by Twenty-first Amendment)

19th Amendment

Establishes women's suffrage

20th Amendment

Fixes the dates of term commencements for Congress (January 3) and the President (January 20); known as the "lame duck amendment"

21st Amendment

Repeals the Eighteenth Amendment

22nd Amendment

Limits the president to two terms, or a maximum of 10 years (i.e., if a Vice President serves not more than one half of a President's term, he or she can be elected to a further two terms)

23rd Amendment

Provides for representation of Washington, D.C. in the Electoral College

24th Amendment

Prohibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of poll taxes

25th Amendment

Codifies the Tyler Precedent; defines the process of presidential succession

26th Amendment

Establishes the official voting age to be 18 years old

27th Amendment

Prevents laws affecting Congressional salary from taking effect until the beginning of the next session of Congress/their raise is not applied until after an election of representatives have intervened.

What is sprap?

Speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition.

Amendment 2 (restrictions)

Some weapons are restricted by Congress.

Search Warrants

Must include the place, person, and what they are looking for.

What does taking the fifth mean?

To not testify against oneself.

What is Miranda Warning?

Miranda Warning is when the police are required to remind people of their rights to remain silent before they are questioned.

What does Due Process of Law mean?

It means that all people have fair treatment in trial.

What is Eminent Domain?

Property that can be taken for “the good of the public” with just compensation.

Indictment

To formally charge a person of crime.

Bail

Bail is the money needed to secure a return to trial. Bail must be proportionate to the crime.

What does a false testimony not guarantee?

A false testimony does not guarantee all your money back.

What are the limits on punishments?

No cruel or unusual punishments.

What amendment states the power people/states have?

Amendment 10

Prior to this system of voting what was the system?

The person with the greatest amount of votes would become the president, and the person with the second highest amount of votes would become the Vice President.

What is involuntary servitude?

Making someone do something against their free will (slaves/servants).

What is the three-fifths clause?

The three-fifths clause was counting slaves as three-fifths of a person because they were seen as property, not people.

What two groups of people 21 years or older couldn’t vote?

African Americans and women.

What determines the amount of taxes you pay?

Your income.

What is another word for tax?

Revenue

What house does revenue start in?

House of representatives

Who do senators represent?

They represent the states and people/people who vote for them (constituents).

What amendment forbids the sale and transport of intoxicating liquors?

Amendment 18; time of the Great Depression, bad times, and unemployment.

What did amendment 19 give women?

It gave women the rights to vote, as long as they were 21 or at a legal age.

What is a “lame duck”?

An elected official that does not return for reelection, or an incumbent that who was not reelected.

What does repeal mean?

To cancel something; amendment 21 repeals the national prohibition of intoxicating liquors, states has the choice to ban alcohol, and alcohol was not allowed in states were they were still banned.

In what year was amendment 23 changed?

Changed in 1961.

What is poll taxing?

Poll tax is the money/fee you must pay before voting. This was imposed in some states to prevent African Americans from voting (grandfather clause, literacy clause, discrimination).

What happens if VP is replaced?

The president may select another VP, but they must be approved by 2/3 (majority) of Congress.

What rights did amendment 16 allow?

It gave all people 18 years or older the right to vote, since boys 18 years or older were allowed to be drafted in war, they should also have a say in their leader who declares war.

What is the Bill of Rights?

It is the rights of the people/individual rights.

Why right the people’s rights down?

If people are going to have rights, write them down