A flow of electric charge. The higher the current, the more charge that passes through it.
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potential difference
energy per unit (expressed in volts)
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resistance
opposition to electric current in circuit measured in Ohms (ex: resistors or loads in circuits)
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the electric current exists because
a chemical reaction causes a difference in charge between 2 electrodes
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electrodes
a conductor that electricity enters through
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good conductors have low resistance, bad conductors have
high resistance.
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thick wires have less resistance because
thick wires don't block the current as much, there is more space for the electricity to flow
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in high temperatures, atoms move faster, causing more or less resistance to the flow of electric charges?
more resistance
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turning on the electric current sets up...
an electric field. this causes free electrons in the wire to "charge ahead" (individual electrons move very slowly)
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Negatively charged objects attract....
positively charges objects OPPOSITES ATTRACT, LIKES REPEL (charges DON'T need to be touching to repel or attract after being charged by friction)
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Electric charge is caused by
electrons
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How do objects get charged
when they transfer or remove electrons. static discharge happens when the built up charges overflow.
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increasing resistance with constant voltage increases or decreases the current?
decreases the current
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Increasing voltage with constant resistance increases or decreases the current?
increases the current
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Does voltage have an effect on resistance?
no, they are separate factors
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insulator
something that resists the flow of electrons (ex: rubber)
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conductor
something that lets electrons flow easily (ex: copper)
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static electricity
A buildup of charges on an object. (ex: lightning, getting shocked from a doorknob after friction) unbalanced charges, movement of charges
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Conduction
one object comes in contact of another, causes electrons to be passed from an object to another (ex: getting shocked from an object)
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induction
one object comes close to another, causing electrons to rearrange on the other object (ex: hair going towards the balloon in the balloon experiment)
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the greater the voltage the greater the current. The greater the current, the more....
charge that passes through a point
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amp
The unit of current; also known as the ampere
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how the current and voltage are related
current depends on voltage, the greater the voltage, the greater the current
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in a circuit, what are common conductors that are used
wires
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in a circuit, what is a load
a device that converts electrical energy into another form, like light from a light bulb
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what is an electric circuit
a complete closed path for electrons to flow, flow begins and ends in the same energy source
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what types of circuits are there?
simple, parallel, series, combined
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simple circuit
one of each required part connected together (note: when drawing the circuit, use the symbols)
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parallel circuit
A circuit that contains more than one path for current flow, pathways share the same voltage (if one load gets disconnected the others keep working because they have their own pathways)
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Combined circuit
A mix between a series and parallel circuit, its like have a series circuit on each branch of a parallel circuit.
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series circuit
basically like a simple circuit, but with more than one load
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Magnetism
The force of attraction or repulsion of magnetic materials.
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What happens if the North is facing the North on two bar magnets?
They will repel
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What happens if the South is facing the North on two bar magnets?
They will be attracted to each other
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What materials are ferromagnetic?
Iron and nickel
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Do magnets have to touch to be attracted or repelled?
No, some magnets are stronger the closer they are to the material, but they don't need to touch.
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What does a switch do in a circuit?
Opens/closes the path of the electrons to stop them from flowing or to make them continue flowing
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Can you magnetize a metal with a magnet?
Yes
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what is an open circuit
It is when a circuit is incomplete due to a gap or a break in the circuit.
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