science quiz 7

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40 Terms

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electric current

A flow of electric charge. The higher the current, the more charge that passes through it.

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potential difference

energy per unit (expressed in volts)

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resistance

opposition to electric current in circuit measured in Ohms (ex: resistors or loads in circuits)

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the electric current exists because

a chemical reaction causes a difference in charge between 2 electrodes

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electrodes

a conductor that electricity enters through

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good conductors have low resistance, bad conductors have

high resistance.

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thick wires have less resistance because

thick wires don't block the current as much, there is more space for the electricity to flow

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in high temperatures, atoms move faster, causing more or less resistance to the flow of electric charges?

more resistance

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turning on the electric current sets up…

an electric field. this causes free electrons in the wire to "charge ahead" (individual electrons move very slowly)

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Negatively charged objects attract….

positively charges objects OPPOSITES ATTRACT, LIKES REPEL (charges DON'T need to be touching to repel or attract after being charged by friction)

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Electric charge is caused by

electrons

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How do objects get charged

when they transfer or remove electrons. static discharge happens when the built up charges overflow.

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increasing resistance with constant voltage increases or decreases the current?

decreases the current

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Increasing voltage with constant resistance increases or decreases the current?

increases the current

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Does voltage have an effect on resistance?

no, they are separate factors

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insulator

something that resists the flow of electrons (ex: rubber)

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conductor

something that lets electrons flow easily (ex: copper)

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static electricity

A buildup of charges on an object. (ex: lightning, getting shocked from a doorknob after friction) unbalanced charges, movement of charges

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Conduction

one object comes in contact of another, causes electrons to be passed from an object to another (ex: getting shocked from an object)

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induction

one object comes close to another, causing electrons to rearrange on the other object (ex: hair going towards the balloon in the balloon experiment)

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the greater the voltage the greater the current. The greater the current, the more….

charge that passes through a point

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amp

The unit of current; also known as the ampere

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how the current and voltage are related

current depends on voltage, the greater the voltage, the greater the current

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in a circuit, what are common conductors that are used

wires

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in a circuit, what is a load

a device that converts electrical energy into another form, like light from a light bulb

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what is an electric circuit

a complete closed path for electrons to flow, flow begins and ends in the same energy source

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what types of circuits are there?

simple, parallel, series, combined

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simple circuit

one of each required part connected together (note: when drawing the circuit, use the symbols)

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parallel circuit

A circuit that contains more than one path for current flow, pathways share the same voltage (if one load gets disconnected the others keep working because they have their own pathways)

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Combined circuit

A mix between a series and parallel circuit, its like have a series circuit on each branch of a parallel circuit.

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series circuit

basically like a simple circuit, but with more than one load

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Magnetism

The force of attraction or repulsion of magnetic materials.

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What happens if the North is facing the North on two bar magnets?

They will repel

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What happens if the South is facing the North on two bar magnets?

They will be attracted to each other

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What materials are ferromagnetic?

Iron and nickel

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Do magnets have to touch to be attracted or repelled?

No, some magnets are stronger the closer they are to the material, but they don't need to touch.

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What does a switch do in a circuit?

Opens/closes the path of the electrons to stop them from flowing or to make them continue flowing

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Can you magnetize a metal with a magnet?

Yes

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what is an open circuit

It is when a circuit is incomplete due to a gap or a break in the circuit.

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what is a closed circuit

A closed circuit is complete and unbroken.