Linux (7)

Files

store data (text, graphics, programs)

Directories

files that store other files; (folders

My Computer

top level directory structure

physical devices (hard drives, USBs) each are assigned a drive letter (C:D:)

home directory

where a user does most of their work

can create and delete files (full control)

~bob

refers to another user’s home directory

/home/bob

pwd

present working directory

cd

change directory

No argument → home directory

PATH

a list of directories separated by /

Absolute paths

allow user to specify exact location of a directory

always starts @ root directory

begins with /

Relative paths

start from the current directory

gives directions relative to the current location in the file system

DO NOT star with /, start with name of directory

cd ..

moves you back a directory

. (single period)

represents the current directory …

hidden files

not shown automatically

begins with (.)

d

directory

A file used to store other files.

-

regular file

Includes readable files, images files, binary files, and compressed files.

l

symbolic link

Points to another file.

s

socket

Allows for communication between processes.

p

pipe	Allows for communication between processes.

b

block file

Used to communicate with hardware.

c

character file

Used to communicate with hardware.

Permissions

next 9 characters, indicates how certain users can access files

ls -lh

human-readable files size (286k)

ls -ld

indicates cd being listed

ls -lR

lists all flies in a directory + all files in sub directories

recursive listing

limit use to smaller settings

ls -S

sorts by file size

ls -tl

time they were modified

• - -fulltime

display complete timestamp (hrs,mins, etc)