APUSH LEQ DBQ AND SAQ terms

Columbian Exchange

Transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between Old and New Worlds.

Encomienda System

Spanish labor system exploiting Native Americans.

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

Native resistance to Spanish colonization.

Mestizo

Mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.

Triangular Trade

System of trade between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

Salutary Neglect

British policy of letting colonies govern themselves.

Mercantilism

Economic system focused on benefiting the mother country.

Navigation Acts

Laws restricting colonial trade to benefit Britain.

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

Colonial uprising that revealed class tensions.

First Great Awakening

Religious revival that emphasized emotion and equality.

House of Burgesses

First representative government in colonies.

John Winthrop

“City Upon a Hill” Puritan leader.

Proclamation of 1763

Restricted colonial settlement west of Appalachians.

Stamp Act (1765)

First direct tax on colonists leading to protests.

Common Sense

Pamphlet by Thomas Paine urging independence.

Declaration of Independence

Asserted natural rights and separation from Britain.

Articles of Confederation

Weak first government.

Constitutional Convention

Created stronger federal government.

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

Debate over ratifying Constitution.

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments protecting individual liberties.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Restricted speech and immigration under Adams.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

States’ rights doctrine.

Marbury v. Madison

Established judicial review.

Louisiana Purchase

Doubled U.S. territory in 1803.

War of 1812

U.S. vs. Britain over impressment and trade.

American System

Henry Clay's economic plan involving bank, tariffs, infrastructure.

Era of Good Feelings

Period of one-party rule and nationalism.

Market Revolution

Economic shift with factories, railroads, and telegraphs.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival leading to social reform movements.

Jacksonian Democracy

Expansion of voting rights to white men.

Nullification Crisis

Conflict over tariffs and states’ rights.

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

First women’s rights convention.

Manifest Destiny

Belief in U.S. expansion coast to coast.

Mexican-American War

U.S. gains southwestern land, leading to slavery tensions.

Compromise of 1850

Included popular sovereignty and the Fugitive Slave Act.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Repealed Missouri Compromise and led to ‘Bleeding Kansas.’

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Ruled that Blacks were not citizens; Congress couldn’t ban slavery.

Election of 1860

Lincoln’s win led to Southern secession.

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed slaves in rebelling states.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

Established citizenship and equal protection.

15th Amendment

Granted voting rights to Black men.

Reconstruction Acts

Military enforcement of Reconstruction.

Gilded Age

Period of wealth and corruption.

Robber Barons

Powerful industrialists like Carnegie and Rockefeller.

Gospel of Wealth

Carnegie’s idea of philanthropy.

Social Darwinism

Survival of the fittest in society and economy.

Labor Unions

Organizations like AFL and Knights of Labor that pushed for workers' rights.

Haymarket Riot

Labor protest that turned violent.

Chinese Exclusion Act

First law banning immigration by race.

Dawes Act

Assimilation of Native Americans.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court case that upheld 'separate but equal' segregation.

Populist Party

Agrarian revolt advocating for silver and rail regulation.

Spanish-American War

Conflict resulting in U.S. gaining the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.

Progressive Movement

Reform movement to fix industrial problems.

Theodore Roosevelt

Known as a trust-buster, conservationist, and imperialist.

Woodrow Wilson

Led the U.S. during WWI and proposed the 14 Points.

Red Scare (1919)

Fear of communism following WWI.

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural rebirth of Black culture in the 1920s.

Great Depression

Economic collapse that occurred in the 1930s.

New Deal

FDR’s programs aimed at relief, recovery, and reform.

Pearl Harbor

Attack that brought the U.S. into WWII.

Internment of Japanese Americans

Forced relocation during WWII under Executive Order 9066.

Atomic Bomb

Weapon that ended WWII, raising ethical questions.

Containment

U.S. strategy to stop the spread of communism; related to the Truman Doctrine.

Marshall Plan

Aid provided to rebuild Europe after WWII.

NATO

Military alliance formed to oppose the USSR.

McCarthyism

Anti-communist hysteria prevalent in the 1950s.

Brown v. Board

Supreme Court case that ended school segregation.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legislation that banned discrimination in various areas.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Protected voting rights for Black individuals.

Great Society

LBJ’s programs aimed at eliminating poverty.

Vietnam War

Controversial conflict during the Cold War era.

Tet Offensive

Major event that shifted U.S. public opinion on the Vietnam War.

Watergate

Political scandal that led to Nixon's resignation.

Reaganomics

Economic policy featuring tax cuts and deregulation.

Iran-Contra Affair

Scandal involving secret arms deals under Reagan.

End of Cold War

Describes events like the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the USSR.

9/11

Terrorist attacks that led to the War on Terror.

PATRIOT Act

Legislation that expanded surveillance powers post-9/11.

Affordable Care Act

Health care reform implemented under President Obama.

Trump Era

Period characterized by political polarization and immigration debates.

Social Media

Platform that changed communication and politics.

Globalization

The process of increased interconnectedness of world economies.