APUSH LEQ DBQ AND SAQ terms

🧠 UNIT 1 (1491–1607):

Columbian Exchange — Transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between Old and New Worlds
Encomienda System — Spanish labor system exploiting Native Americans
Pueblo Revolt (1680) — Native resistance to Spanish colonization
Mestizo — Mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry
Triangular Trade — System of trade between Africa, Europe, and the Americas

🌍 UNIT 2 (1607–1754):

Salutary Neglect — British policy of letting colonies govern themselves
Mercantilism — Economic system focused on benefiting the mother country
Navigation Acts — Laws restricting colonial trade to benefit Britain
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) — Colonial uprising that revealed class tensions
First Great Awakening — Religious revival that emphasized emotion and equality
House of Burgesses — First representative government in colonies
John Winthrop — “City Upon a Hill” Puritan leader

🔔 UNIT 3 (1754–1800):

Proclamation of 1763 — Restricted colonial settlement west of Appalachians
Stamp Act (1765) — First direct tax on colonists → protests
Common Sense — Pamphlet by Thomas Paine urging independence
Declaration of Independence — Asserted natural rights and separation from Britain
Articles of Confederation — Weak first government
Constitutional Convention — Created stronger federal government
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists — Debate over ratifying Constitution
Bill of Rights — First 10 amendments protecting individual liberties
Alien and Sedition Acts — Restricted speech and immigration under Adams
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions — States’ rights doctrine

🗽 UNIT 4 (1800–1848):

Marbury v. Madison — Established judicial review
Louisiana Purchase — Doubled U.S. territory (1803)
War of 1812 — U.S. vs. Britain over impressment/trade
American System — Henry Clay's economic plan (bank, tariffs, infrastructure)
Era of Good Feelings — Period of one-party rule and nationalism
Market Revolution — Economic shift with factories, railroads, telegraphs
Second Great Awakening — Religious revival → social reform movements
Jacksonian Democracy — Expansion of voting rights to white men
Nullification Crisis — Conflict over tariffs and states’ rights
Seneca Falls Convention (1848) — First women’s rights convention

🌎 UNIT 5 (1844–1877):

Manifest Destiny — Belief in U.S. expansion coast to coast
Mexican-American War — U.S. gains SW land → slavery tensions
Compromise of 1850 — Popular sovereignty, Fugitive Slave Act
Kansas-Nebraska Act — Repealed Missouri Compromise → “Bleeding Kansas”
Dred Scott v. Sandford — Blacks not citizens, Congress can’t ban slavery
Election of 1860 — Lincoln’s win → Southern secession
Emancipation Proclamation — Freed slaves in rebelling states
13th Amendment — Abolished slavery
14th Amendment — Citizenship and equal protection
15th Amendment — Voting rights for Black men
Reconstruction Acts — Military enforcement of Reconstruction

⚙ UNIT 6 (1865–1898):

Gilded Age — Period of wealth and corruption
Robber Barons — Powerful industrialists like Carnegie, Rockefeller
Gospel of Wealth — Carnegie’s idea of philanthropy
Social Darwinism — Survival of the fittest in society/economy
Labor Unions — AFL, Knights of Labor pushed for workers' rights
Haymarket Riot — Labor protest that turned violent
Chinese Exclusion Act — First law banning immigration by race
Dawes Act — Assimilation of Native Americans
Plessy v. Ferguson — “Separate but equal” upheld segregation
Populist Party — Agrarian revolt for silver, rail regulation

🌐 UNIT 7 (1890–1945):

Spanish-American War — U.S. gains Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico
Progressive Movement — Reform to fix industrial problems
Theodore Roosevelt — Trust-buster, conservationist, imperialist
Woodrow Wilson — WWI leadership, 14 Points
Red Scare (1919) — Fear of communism after WWI
Harlem Renaissance — Black cultural rebirth in 1920s
Great Depression — Economic collapse in 1930s
New Deal — FDR’s programs for relief, recovery, reform
Pearl Harbor — Brought U.S. into WWII
Internment of Japanese Americans — Executive Order 9066
Atomic Bomb — Ended WWII, raised ethical questions

🧩 UNIT 8 (1945–1980):

Containment — Stop spread of communism (Truman Doctrine)
Marshall Plan — Aid to rebuild Europe post-WWII
NATO — Military alliance vs. USSR
McCarthyism — Anti-communist hysteria in the 1950s
Brown v. Board — Ended school segregation
Civil Rights Act of 1964 — Banned discrimination
Voting Rights Act of 1965 — Protected Black voting rights
Great Society — LBJ’s programs to end poverty
Vietnam War — Controversial Cold War conflict
Tet Offensive — Shifted U.S. public opinion
Watergate — Nixon scandal → resignation

🔚 UNIT 9 (1980–Present):

Reaganomics — Tax cuts and deregulation
Iran-Contra Affair — Secret arms deal scandal under Reagan
End of Cold War — Fall of Berlin Wall, collapse of USSR
9/11 — Terrorist attacks → War on Terror
PATRIOT Act — Expanded surveillance powers
Affordable Care Act — Health care reform under Obama
Trump Era — Polarization, immigration, deregulation
Social Media — Changed communication and politics
Globalization — Interconnected world economy