Animal Science 103 - Exam 2 Study Guide

Cryptorchid horse

Also known as Rig, Ridgling, or High Flanker, refers to a male horse with one or both testicles undescended.

Draft Horses

Heavy, solid, and strong horses originating from Europe, typically 14.2-19 hands high and weighing 1400-2000 lbs, used for work like pulling loads.

Warmblood Horses

Lighter horses from Europe, Asia, North & South America, around 14.2-17.2 hands high and 900-1400 lbs, used for riding, driving, and racing.

Ponies

Smaller horses (

Equine Digestive Tract

Herbivore, Monogastric, Hindgut Fermenter with a small stomach, cecum, and large intestines for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Horse Management

Includes water provision, housing for protection, space for exercise, and manure handling to maintain horse health and well-being.

Equine Health Management

Involves dental care, parasite control, vaccination, and biosecurity measures to ensure the well-being of horses.

Core Vaccines

Essential vaccines like Tetanus, West Nile Virus, Eastern & Western Equine Encephalomyelitis, and Rabies, crucial for all horses' health.

Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)

A retrovirus transmitted by blood-sucking insects, causing anemia in horses with no cure or vaccine available.

Conformation

The physical form of a horse, evaluated based on balance, structure, muscling, quality, type, and travel for overall assessment.

Estrous Cycle

The reproductive cycle of mares, involving follicular phase, estrus, ovulation, luteal phase, and pregnancy diagnosis for breeding management.

Pregnancy Management

Involves mild exercise, proper diet, vaccination schedule, deworming, Caslick's removal, and preparation for foaling.

Equine Placenta

Detaches readily, making extended labor risky for foal survival.

Ferguson's Reflex

Fetal pressure on cervix triggers oxytocin release for uterine contractions.

Stage Two of Foaling

Involves foal delivery, ensuring clear nasal passages, and allowing the mare to rest.

Retained Placenta

Considered a medical emergency if not passed within 3 hours, leading to severe health risks for the mare.

Swine Management

Involves phases of production, breeding methods, housing options, and production benchmarks.

Ventilation Systems

Essential for providing oxygen, removing moisture, dust, and noxious gases in swine facilities.

Boar Management

Involves inducing puberty, breeding practices, and housing considerations for optimal reproductive performance.

Sow Management

Includes pregnancy, farrowing, and estrus cycles, aiming for high breeding rates and productive days.

Pig Feed

Constitutes a significant portion of production costs, formulated with grains, proteins, vitamins, and minerals for optimal growth.

Farrowing Crates

Used from 7 to 21-28 days post-farrowing to house sows and piglets for about a month.

Piglet Delivery

Involves uterine and abdominal contractions, with a normal interval of 15-20 minutes between piglets.

Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy

Sows need at least 2 piglets in each uterine horn during the 1st month to signal pregnancy and prevent CL regression.

Induce Farrowing

Involves close supervision, grouping sows for weaning, and administering PGF2a to synchronize farrowing.

Pre-Weaning Mortality

Includes stillbirths, hypoxia, chilling, crushing, low birthweight, starvation, diarrhea, and respiratory diseases.

Weaning

Typically occurs at 2-5 weeks or when piglets reach 10-12 lbs, leading to stress due to maternal antibody loss.

Segregated Early Weaning (SEW)

Involves moving piglets to isolated nurseries at 21-22 days to prevent disease spread.

Feeder Pigs

Purchased at 8-9 weeks, raised to 275-290 lbs, focusing on sanitation and disease control for profitability.

Parvovirus (PPV)

Causes SMEDI in pigs, transmitted through ingestion, inhalation, breeding, and transplacentally.

Leptospirosis

Bacterial spirochete causing abortion, stillbirths, and kidney disease, transmitted through urine and contaminated water.

Candling

Process using high-density light to assess egg quality, detecting interior defects and shell cracks

Clutch

Number of eggs laid by a bird in one set or nesting period

Nutrition

Feeding omnivorous poultry complete mixed diets in mash or pelleted form

Digestive Tract

Series of organs including beak, mouth, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, large intestine, and cloaca for digestion and absorption

Avian Influenza Virus

Naturally occurring virus in birds, categorized as LPAI (Low Pathogenicity) or HPAI (High Pathogenicity), with various clinical signs

Broiler Production Life Cycle

Management practices to maximize productivity, ensure bird comfort, and maintain health throughout the life cycle

Layer Production Life Cycle

Practices from breeding to egg laying, including hatchery procedures, incubation, hatching, and feeding schedules

Induced Molting

Methods to extend the productive life of hens by shedding feathers and inhibiting egg production

Hen Housing

Different housing systems like cages, cage-free, and free-range, each with specific space, lighting, and management requirements.

Minimally processed

Processing a product in a way that does not significantly change its nature.

Natural

Term on a label indicating the absence of artificial ingredients or colors, with a statement explaining its meaning required.

Organic

Food produced following standards set by the Organic Food Production Act, USDA Organic Regulations, and National Organic Program (NOP) Handbook.

Organic production

Managed system integrating cultural, biological, and mechanical practices to promote ecological balance and conserve biodiversity.

Organic certification

Required for all production and processing operations, including feed, medications, and transactions, by USDA-accredited certifying agencies.

Organic livestock standards

Include year-round access to outdoors, clean water, shelter, bedding, and suitable conditions for species' needs.

Strengthening Organic Enforcement (SOE) Final Rule

Enforces organic regulations with penalties or certification suspension/revocation for violations.

Proposition 12

CA law banning intensive confinement of layer hens, sows, and veal calves, with compliance costs impacting out-of-state farms.

Marek's Disease

Highly contagious herpesvirus in poultry causing tumors, lameness, paralysis, and mortality up to 20%.

Coccidiosis

Protozoal parasite infection in chickens, with clinical signs like droopiness, weight loss, and diarrhea, prevented by vaccination and sanitation practices.