Social Studies - Chapter 23 Test

What were the fourteen points?

a. the list of the Senate’s objections to the peace treaty with Germany

b. President Wilson’s goals for the peace treaty to end World War I

c. the Allies’ objections to Wilson’s plans for Europe after the war

d. the sections of the peace treaty as it was approved by the Allies

b. President Wilson’s goals for the peace treaty to end World War I

What international organization was formed after the war to settle future disputes peacefully?

a. the League of Nations

b. the World Court

c. the United Nations

d. the Security Council

a. the League of Nations

Which was NOT a requirement of the Treaty of Versailles?

a. Germany was stripped of its colonies around the world

b. Germany was ordered to pay the Allies for war damages

c. Austria-Hungary was divided into several nations

d. Germany was divided into East and West Germany

d. Germany was divided into East and West Germany

What were the Palmer raids?

a. commando raids on German military headquarters

b. a series of attacks on government agencies by communist radicals

c. the roundup and arrest of suspected communists in the United States

d. police actions to break up strikes

c. the roundup and arrest of suspected communists in the United States

What group was NOT a target of the Red Scare?

a. suspected communists

b. immigrants

c. suspected anarchists

d. African Americans

d. African Americans

This senator vigorously opposed the Versailles Treaty.

Lodge

This man was elected President in 1920.

Harding

This man was Attorney General during the Red Scare.

Palmer

Why did America’s allies reject Wilson’s vision of peace without victory?

They wanted Germany to take full blame for the war.

Explain the Red Scare.

Americans feared a Communist takeover in America like what happened in Russia.

True or False:

President Wilson created a government agency to produce movies, posters, and other materials as propaganda to shape public opinion in support of the war.

true

True or False:

To help pay for the war, the American people made loans to the government by purchasing mutual funds.

false, war bonds

True or False:

Hoping to silence protesters, Congress passed the Espionage Act and the Sedition Act which made it a crime to criticize the war.

true

True or False:

The Supreme Court upheld the Espionage Act and ruled that the First Amendment right to free speech could be limited during wartime.

true

True or False:

In 1919, Supreme Court Justice William Howard Taft wrote what became a famous legal opinion that limited freedom of speech.

false, Oliver Wendell Holmes

True or False:

As factory workers went off to war, African Americans were drawn to Northern cities by job opportunities in a movement known as the Freedom Ride.

false, Great Migration

This was the financial cost of World War I for the United States.

$35.5 billion

This was what was burned to make filters for gas masks.

apricot pits

This was the name of the gardens planted by Americans so there would be more food to send to the soldiers.

Victory Gardens

This was the board set up by Wilson to produce war supplies.

War Industries Board

What was one positive effect and one negative effect of the government producing movies, posters, and other materials to shape public opinion to support the war?

One positive effect of the propaganda was that it did much to win support for the war. One negative effect was that it fueled prejudice and made people distrust anything German.

The commander of American troops in Europe in World War I was

a. Douglas MacArthur

b. Dwight D. Eisenhower

c. John J. Pershing

d. Theodore Roosevelt

c. John J. Pershing

The convoy system, which was used for the first time during World War I, was a strategy

a. to protect troops in trenches from poison gas attacks

b. to protect soldiers on the ground from being bombed by airplanes

c. to teach foot soldiers how to defend against tank attacks

d. to use warships to escort groups of merchant ships across the Atlantic

d. to use warships to escort groups of merchant ships across the Atlantic

What was the AEF?

a. the American Expeditionary Force - the name given to the American army in Europe

b. the Allied European Forces - the name of the Allies’ army in Europe

c. Americans for England and France - a group that opposed American neutrality in the war

d. Americans Expressing Freedom - a patriotic group that raised money to buy supplies for the American troops in Europe

a. the American Expeditionary Force - the name given to the American army in Europe

The battle that American troops helped the Allies win, and which became the turning point in the war, was

a. the Battle of the Bulge

b. the Battle of Belleau Wood

c. the Battle of the Somme

d. the Second Battle of the Marne

d. the Second Battle of the Marne

An agreement to end all fighting in a war is called

a. an armistice

b. a cease-fire

c. a peace conference

d. an unconditional surrender

a. an armistice

This was the name of the law that allowed men to be drafted in World War I.

Selective Service Act

This man was the commander of the Allied forces during World War I.

Foch

This was the honor awarded to African-American combat units in World War I.

Croix de Guerre

Explain the convoy system.

a system used to use battleships to escort merchant ships across the Atlantic

What is the Medal of Honor?

the highest award given to military personnel (soldiers)

True or False:

In the decades before World War I, European leaders built up their nations’ armies because their belief in imperialism convinced them that a nation needed a large military.

false, militarism

True or False:

The nations of central Europe - Germany and Austria-Hungary - joined with Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire in an alliance known as the Central Powers.

true

True or False:

Opposing Germany and its allies were a group of nations led by Britain, Russia, and France, who were known as the Allied Powers.

true

True or False:

During World War I, machine guns and artillery shelling made it impossible for soldiers to fight against the enemy on open ground and resulted in a new kind of battle called total warfare.

false, trench warfare

True or False:

Germany used a type of submarine, which they called a U-Boat, to sink ships bound for Britain and France with supplies.

true

True or False:

In the de Lome Letter, Germany promised to return Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona to Mexico if Mexico joined Germany in a war against the United States.

false, Zimmerman Telegram

What were two reasons why the United States could not remain neutral in World War I?

Two reasons the United States could not remain neutral are Germans promised to stop attacking but they did not, and the Luisitania was sunk.

What was the final spark that ignited World War I in Europe?

The final spark was the assasination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Why was Russia’s withdrawal for the war in 1917 a big blow to the Allies?

Russia’s withdrawal was a blow to the Allies because Germany could now focus on the rest of Europe because they stopped sending forces to Russia.

What were the names of two poisonous gases used in World War I?

• Mustard gas

• Chlorine gas

• Phosgene Gas

This American ship was sunk in Havana Harbor.

U.S.S. Maine

This person’s philosophy was “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”

Teddy Roosevelt

This disease killed soldiers during the Spanish American War.

Yellow Fever

Territory for the Panama Canal came from this country.

Colombia

Seward arranged for the purchase of this land.

Alaska

The U.S. gave full independence to this territory in 1946.

Philippines

This small Pacific island became a territory of the U.S. after the Spanish American War.

Guam

The United States acquired this territory after removing the monarch.

Hawaii

Why did the United States declare war on Spain?

They wanted Cuba to be independent from Spain.

Why is the Panama Canal important today?

It cut out the distance between the Pacific and Atlantic ocean

Explain the Monroe Doctrine.

The Monroe Doctrine was made by President Monroe and it said that Europeans cannot interfere in the western hemisphere

List the provisions of the Fourteen Points.

1. Smaller military

2. end to secret treaties

3. freedom of seas

4. free trade

5. change in national boundaries

6. League of Nations

List the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.

1. Germany colonies taken

2. armed forces taken

3. Germany pay $33 billion

4. Boundary changes to empire

5. League of Nations

What did the two peace plans have in common?

1. Boundary changes

2. League of Nations

3. reduction in military

What caused race riots?

1. competition for housing and jobs

2. segregation

Explain the term “peace without victory”.

Wilson did not want anyone to be a winner or a loser in the war. He did not want Germany to be called the loser, to pay, or be treated harshly. Wilson did not want hard feelings to lead to more war.

What were the Palmer Raids? Why did they violate the citizens’ rights? Who was Palmer?

Palmer- U.S. attorney General who ordered raids to round up suspected radicals/anarchists

Violation of rights because no search warrants used - 4th Amendment to the Constitution

Arrested about 6,000 who were taken to jail

Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?

Italian immigrants made public that were anarchists, athiests

tried for armed robbery and murder - were executed (electric chair)

Why did U.S. citizens want a return to “normalcy”?

Americans exhausted from:

1. race riots

2. labor strikes

3. Red Scare

4. debate over League of Nations

5. WWI they needed “a break”

The leader of the American forces in Europe was ____.

Pershing

______ wrote the Supreme Court opinion that free speech could be limited, especially in wartime

Holmes

The turning point of World War I came during the summer of 1918 with the ______.

Second Battle of the Marne

A revolution in Russia caused the ______, a wave of panic in the United States in 1919 and 1920

Red Scare

The _____ included nearly two million American soldiers who went to France to fight in World War I.

American Expeditionary Force

an alliance including Germany

Central Powers

a document blaming Germany for war

Treaty of Versailles

a submarine

U-boat

the goals for peace stated by Wilson

Fourteen Points

a letter from Germany to Mexico

Zimmerman telegram

a method of guarding merchant ships

convoy system

an organization to settle conflicts

League of Nations

an end to fighting in a war

armistice

the arrests of over 6,000 people

Palmer raids

the movement of African Americans to cities in the North

Great Migration

the belief that nations need a large military force

militarism

the alliance, in 1914, that was made up of Austria-Hungary, Germany, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria

Central Powers

Practice in which destroyers escorted merchant ships across the Atlantic

convoy system

organization established to settle international disputes peacefully

League of Nations

The alliance, in 1914, made up of Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy, and seven other countries

Allies

True or False:

When the war broke out, the United States took a position of neutrality.

true

True or False:

Eddie Rickenbacker led the U.S. forces in Europe.

false, Pershing

True or False:

A. Mitchell Palmer was the Supreme Court judge who upheld the Espionage Act and Sedition Act.

false, Holmes

True or False:

Americans supported the war effort by buying low-interest government loans known as war-bonds.

true

True or False:

President Wilson’s plan to ensure world peace after the war was known as the Treaty of Versailles.

false, Fourteen Points

Why did the United States at first remain neutral in the war between the Allies and the Central Powers?

1. They didn’t want to get involved

2. War is not popular - people’s inclination is no

What brought the U.S. into the war on the Allied side?

1. sinking Luisitania

2. unrestricted sub warfare

3. Zimmerman telegram

4. sinking of allied merchant ships

What were some of the reasons for the race riots of 1919?

1. competed for jobs

2. competed for housing

3. segregation

What were ways that American families could contribute to the war effort?

1. war bonds

2. school children rolled bandages and collected tin pans, paper, toothpaste tubes, and apricot pits

3. boy scouts sold war bonds

4. women’s groups knit clothes

5. saved food, gas, and metal

6. people planted victory gardens to send food to soldiers

What was the purpose of the Espionage and Sedition Acts? What groups were most effected by them?

1. these laws set heavy fines and long prison terms for such antiwar activities as encouraging draft resisters - laws made it illegal to criticize the war

2. pacifists, socialists, and other war critics were most effected

What kinds of new opportunities did the war create for women?

replaced male workers in steel mills, ammunition factories, assembly lines, streetcar conductors, and elevator operators

gave public wider view of their abilities - helped them win vote

What kind of job opportunities did the war create for African Americans?

Northern factories willing to hire workers they once rejected

Great Migration - A.A. moved north to escape the bigotry, poverty, and racial violence of the south

What job opportunities did the war create for Mexicans?

revolution caused Mexicans to flee - settles in TX, AZ, CO, CA

most became farm workers, some went to northern cities for factory jobs