AQA Combined science: Trilogy Equations

` = subscript ^ = superscript

Equation for Magnification

magnification = size of image / size of real object

Equation for Photosynthesis

carbon dioxide + water —(Light)→ oxygen + glucose

Equation for aerobic respiration

oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water

Equation for anaerobic respiration (animals)

glucose → lactic acid

Equation for anaerobic respiration (plants)

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide

Avogadro constant

6.02 x 10^23

Equation from mean rate or reaction

mean rate of reaction = quantity of reactant used / time taken

mean rate of reaction = quantity of product formed /time taken

Equation for a reversible reaction

A + B ⇌ C + D

Equation for alkanes

Equation for Retardation factor

Retardation factor = distance moved by substance
distance moved by solvent

Equation for kinetic energy

kinetic energy = 0.5 × mass × speed^2

kinetic energy (Ek) - joules (J)
mass(m) - kilograms (kg)
speed (v) - metres per second (m/s)

Equation for elastic potential energy

elastic potential energy = 0.5 × spring constant × (extension)^2

elastic potential energy (Ee) - joules (J)
spring constant (k)- newtons per metre (N/m)
extension (e) - metres (m)

Equation for gravitational potential energy

g. p. e. = mass × gravitational field strength × height

gravitational potential energy (Ep) - joules (J)
mass (m) - kilograms (kg)
gravitational field strength (g) - newtons per kilogram (N/kg)
height (h) - metres (m)

Equation for Thermal Energy

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change

change in thermal energy (∆E) - joules (J)
mass (m) - kilograms (kg)
specific heat capacity (c) - joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg °C)
temperature change (∆θ) - degrees Celsius (°C)

Equation for power

power = energy transferred / time

power = work done / time

power (P) - watts (W)
energy transferred (E) - joules (J)
time (t) - seconds (s)
work done (W) - joules (J)

Equation for efficiency

efficiency = useful output energy transfer / total in put energy transfer

efficiency = useful power output / total power input

Equation for charge flow

charge flow = current × time

charge flow (Q) - coulombs (C)
current (I) - amperes/amps (A
time (t) - seconds (s)

Equation for potential difference

potential difference = current × resistance

potential difference (V) - volts (V)
current (I) - amperes/amps (A)
resistance (R) - ohms (Ω)

Equation for total resistance

resistance (R) - ohms (Ω)

Equation for power

power = potential difference × current

power = current^2 × resistance

power (P) - watts (W)
potential difference (V) - volts (V)
current (I) - amperes/amps (A)
resistance (R) - ohms (Ω)

Equation for energy transferred

energy transferred = power × time

energy transferred = charge flow × potential difference

power (P) - watts (W)
time (t) - seconds (s)
charge flow (Q) - coulombs (C)
potential difference (V) - volts (V)

Equation for density

density = mass / volume

density (ρ) - kilograms per metre cubed (kg/m^3)
mass (m) - kilograms (kg)
volume (V) - metres cubed (m^3)

Equation for energy change (state change)

energy for a change of state = mass × specific latent heat

energy (E) - joules (J)
mass (m) - kilograms (kg)
specific latent heat (L) - joules per kilogram (J/kg)

Equation for weight

weight = mass × gravitational field strength

weight (W) - newtons (N)
mass (m) - kilograms (kg)
gravitational field strength (g) - newtons per kilogram (N/kg)

Equation of Work done

work done = force × distance

work done (W) - joules (J)
force (F) - newtons (N)
distance (s) - metres (m)

Equation of force (1)

force = spring constant × extension

force (F) -newtons (N)
spring constant (k) - newtons per metre (N/m)
extension (e) - metres (m)

Equation of distance travelled

distance travelled = s peed × time

distance (s) - metres (m)
speed (v) - metres per second (m/s)
time (t) - seconds (s)

Equation of acceleration

acceleration = change in velocity / time taken

acceleration (a) - metres per second squared (m/s^2)
change in velocity (∆v) - metres per second (m/s)
time (t) - seconds (s)

Equation of acceleration (different)

final velocity `2 − initial velocity `2 = 2 × acceleration × distance

final velocity (v) - metres per second (m/s)
initial velocity u) - metres per second (m/s)
acceleration (a) - metres per second squared (m/s^2)
distance (s) - metres (m)

Equation of resultant force

resultant force = mass × acceleration

force (F) - newtons (N)
mass (m) - kilograms (kg)
acceleration (a) - metres per second squared (m/s^2)

Equation of momentum

momentum = mass × velocity

momentum (p) - kilograms metre per second (kg m/s)
mass (m) - kilograms (kg)
velocity (v) - metres per second (m/s)

Equation of period

period = 1 / frequency

period (T) - seconds (s)
frequency (f) - hertz (Hz)

Equation of wave speed

wave speed = frequency × wavelength

wave speed (v) - metres per second (m/s)
frequency (f) - hertz (Hz)
wavelength (λ) - metres (m)

Equation of force (2)

force = magnetic flux density × current × length

force (F) - newtons (N)
magnetic flux density (B) - tesla (T)
current (I) - amperes/amps (A)
length (/) - metres (m)