Biomechanics

3 Stages of Motor Learning

Cognitive Stage, Associative Stage, Autonomous Stage.

Cognitive Stage

The stage where a learner gains a basic understanding of how to complete a task.

Associative Stage

The stage where skills begin to be refined with an awareness of mistakes, leading to fewer and smaller errors.

Autonomous Stage

The stage where the skill becomes almost automatic and can be performed while focusing on other aspects of the sport.

Fundamental Movement Skills

Lays the foundation for physical literacy and is critical for participation in various physical activities.

3 Categories of Fundamental Movements Skills

Stability, Locomotion, Manipulation.

Skill Transferability

The ability to apply or transfer skills learned in one context to a different activity.

Breaking Down a Skill

Dividing a skill into three main components: Preparation, Execution, Follow-through.

Preparation

Body positioning while getting ready to perform a movement.

Execution

Involves momentum, technique, and correct force during the main movement.

Follow-through

Control of the body after the critical instant of a movement.

Knowledge of Performance (KP) Feedback

Feedback that involves observing and commenting on the actual movement during a task.

Knowledge of Results (KR) Feedback

Feedback based on the outcome after a task is completed.

Principle #1: Stability

Lowering the center of gravity increases stability.

Principle #2: Maximum Force Production

Requires the use of all joints that can be used.

Principle #3: Maximum Velocity Production

Requires the use of joints in order from largest to smallest.

Principle #4: Impulse-Momentum

The greater the applied impulse, the greater the increase in velocity; Impulse = Force x time.

Principle #5: Direction of Force Application

Movement usually occurs in the direction opposite to the applied force.

Principle #6: Production of Angular Motion (Torque)

Angular motion is produced by applying force at a distance from an axis.

Principle #7: Angular Momentum

Angular momentum is constant when an athlete or object is free in the air.