AP HuGe Chapter 3 Vocabulary Terms

Asylum seeker

someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

Brain drain

large-scale emigration by talented people

chain migration

migration of people to a specific location because of relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

circular migration

the temporary movement of a migrant worker between home and host countries to seek employment

circulation

short term repetitive or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis

counterurbanization

net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries

desertfication

degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semiarid land degradition

emigration

migration from a location

floodplain

a low plain adjacent to a river that is formed chiefly of river sediment and is subject to flooding during a given number of years, according to historical trends

forced migration

permanent movement compelled by cultural or environmental factors

guest worker

a term once used for a worker who migrated to the developed countries of northern and western Europe, usually from southern and eastern Europe or from north Africa, in search of a higher-paying job

immigration

migration to a new location

internal migration

permanent movement within a particular country

internally displaced person (IDP)

someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border

international migration

permanent movement from one country to another

interregional migration

permanent movement form one region of a country to another

intervening obstacale

an environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration

intraregional migration

permanent movement within one region of a country

migration

a form of relocation diffusion that involves a permanent move to anew location

migration transition

a change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produces the demographic transition

mobility

all types of movement between locations

net migration

the difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration

pull factor

a factor that induces people to move to a new location

push factor

a factor that induces people to move out of their present location

Quota

in reference to migration, a law that places a maximum limit on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year

refugee

someone who is forced to migrate from his or hers home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

remittance

transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated

unauthorized immigrant

a person who enters a country without proper documents to do so

voluntary migrant

permanent movement undertaken by choice

Why people migrate

economic, cultural, environmental reasons

Economic factors

most common reason, combination of jobs and perceived opportunity elsewhere, both push and pull factor

Cultural factors

especially a push factor, slavery and political instability, refugees

Environmental factors

pull= attractive regions: warm, nature settings, water, etc
push= harsh regions - water(too little/too much)

Distance decay

father away less likely to migrate there

Gender of migrants

historically men, more recently women are the larger migrant population

Family status of migrants

young adults are most likely to immigrate to US
Immigrant children are on the rise

Largest flow of immigrants

1. Asia to Europe
2. Asia to North America
3. Latin America to North America

1st imgigration

over 11,000 years ago, land bridge brought native population

2nd immigation

colonization, primarily from England (pilgrims) and Africa (Slaves)

3rd migration

19th century (mid 1800s to very early 1900s) mostly from europe

4th migration

Latin america and Asian

Population center

the average location of everyone in the country, "the center of population gravity"

Ireland and Germany

1840s and 1850s migration to the US

Ireland and Germany

1870s migration to the US

Scandinavia

1880s migration to the US

Southern and Eastern Europe

1905-1914 migration to the US

Latin America and Asia

Late 20th to early 21st century migration to the US