CNA Quiz 2

Homeostasis

the process by which the body maintains a state of balance and internal stability while adjusting to external conditions

Skin breakdown causes

Pressure, friction, and shearing, breaks in the skin, poor circulation to an area, moisture, dry skin, irritation by urine & feces. Older & disabled people at greater risk because skin is easily injured.

Skin Breakdown

Pressure sore/bed sore

Stages of Skin Breakdown

• Stage 1 – intact skin; redness over bony prominence 

• Stage 2 – Skin loss (partial-thickness); may see a blister or shallow reddish-pink ulcer; the blister may be intact or open 

• Stage 3 – Skin loss (full-thickness); skin gone; may see subcutaneous fat; slough (dead soft tissue, often moist and varies in color – white, yellow, green, or tan) may be present; could be attached or stringy loose 

• Stage 4 – Full-thickness skin and tissue loss with muscle, tendon, and bone exposure; slough and eschar (thick, leathery dead tissue that may be loose or attached to skin); often black or brown 

• Unstageable – Full-thickness tissue loss with injury covered by slough and/or eschar 

• Deep tissue injury – purple or deep red localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister; usually due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear

How often do you reposition your patients?

At least every 2 hours if weak or immobile

What chronic diseases affect the lungs and heart?

Emphysema, COPD, Chronic pulmonary heart disease

Peristalsis

involuntary contractions that move food through the digestive system

Why do females have more UTI’s than males?

The female urethra is shorter than in males

Respirations

Is the process that supplies oxygen to the cells and removes carbon dioxide from cells that includes inspiration and expiration 

Integumentary System

the skin; responsible for providing a natural protective covering of the body

What is the largest organ and system in the body?

Integumentary system

What part of the brain controls breathing, opening and closing of blood vessels, heart rate, coughing, swallowing, and gag reflex?

Brainstem

Speech, vision, hearing changes, paralysis, confusion, jerky motions or tremors, are all variations of normal for what system?

Nervous System 

CVA

Cerebrovascular Accident; stroke

What are the causes of CVA?

 a blood vessel leaks or breaks in the brain; or when oxygen to an area is disrupted, brain cells die

What is the master gland in the body?

pituitary

Normal urine

•Light yellow to amber in color • Clear or transparent when freshly voided, with a faint smell • About 1000 to 1500 milliliters per day

Abnormal urine

oChanges in Color, cloudiness, odor, amount, frequency may indicate infection 

o Presence of sugar, acetone, blood, sediment in urine

What is happening to the heart during diastole?

it is filling up with blood

What is happening to the heart during systole?

when the heart is pumping blood to the body

what is the Nurse aide role for caring for patients with cardiovascular diseases

monitor vital signs, assist with dietary needs, measure intake/output, rest periods, prevent exhaustion, keep them warm, avoid extreme temps, reduce stress, report chest pain or any abnormalities

Cyanosis

changes in skin color, pale or bluish color of lips and extremities

Person centered care

the practice of basing resident care on individual resident needs, preferences, and expectations

Abduction

moving a body part away from the midline

Adduction

moving a body part toward the midline

sprain

stretched or torn ligaments or tendons

Superior or cranial

 toward the head end of the body; upper

Inferior or caudal

away from the head; lower

Anterior or ventral

front

Posterior or dorsal

back

Medial

toward the midline of the body

Lateral

away from the midline of the body

Proximal

toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part

Distal

away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part

Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane)

 A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions.

Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane)

A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides. 

Axial Plane (Transverse Plane)

A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts.

Median plane

Sagittal plane through the midline of the body; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left halves.

When providing oral care to an unconscious resident how do you prevent aspiration?

Turn the patient on their side and using little amount of liquid

Constipation

inability to have a stool or infrequent, difficult, and possibly painful elimination of a hard, dry stool

Foods high in what help patients have bowel movements?

fiber

Catheter care

cleaning the area around catheter along with at least four inches of the exposed catheter. 

Fracture pan

A bedpan that is flatter than a regular bedpan used for resident who cannot assist with raining their hips onto a regular bedpan.

Positioning of a fracture pan

the handle towards the foot of the bed. 

What is the correct positioning of a bedpan?

Should be positioned with the wider end aligned with the resident’s buttocks

GERD (gastro-esophageal reflux disease)

chronic condition when liquid contents of stomach back up into esophagus; very inflammatory and can damage the lining of esophagus

What does osteoporosis do to the bones?

causes bones to become porous and brittle, resulting in bones breaking easily

How many ounces should a healthy person take in on the daily basis?

64

Why is maintaining proper foot care important for patients with diabetes?

diabetes can reduce blood circulation and damage nerves to the feet.

Treatment for malignant tumors?

Surgeons attempt to remove as much of the tumor as possible before treating with chemotherapy

Denture care 

1 Puts on clean gloves before handling denture

2 Bottom of sink is lined and/or sink is partially filled with water before denture is held over sink

3 Rinses denture in moderate temperature running water before brushing them

4 Applies denture toothpaste to toothbrush

5 Brushes all surfaces of denture

6 Rinses all surfaces of denture under moderate temperature running water

7 Rinses denture cup and lid

8 Places denture in denture cup with moderate temperature water/solution and places lid on cup Skill continues

9 Rinses toothbrush and places in designated toothbrush basin/container

10 Maintains clean technique with placement of toothbrush and denture

11 Sink liner is removed and disposed of appropriately and/or sink is drained

12 Removes and disposes of gloves (without contaminating self) into waste container and washes hands