Chapter 5: An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Glycogen

________ performs the same storage role in animals as starch does in plants.

Cellulose

________ is a polymer made from.

Photosynthesis

Plants harvest the energy in sunlight and store it in the bonds of carbohydrates by the process known as

Glycolipids

________ and glycoproteins are key molecules in what biologists call cell- cell recognition and cell- cell signaling.

sugars

When just two ________ link together, the resulting molecule is known as a disaccharide.

glycoprotein

A(n) ________ is a protein that is similarly linked to carbohydrates.

Chitin

________ is a polysaccharide that stiffens the cell walls of fungi.

Three carbon sugars

________ are called trioses.

Monosaccharides

________ polymerize when a condensation reaction occurs between two hydroxyl groups, resulting in a covalent connection called a glycosidic linkage, or glycosidic bond.

Starch

________ consists entirely of glucose joined by glycosidic linkages.

Amylases

The enzymes involved in breaking the glycosidic linkages in starch are called

Cell wall

All cells are enclosed by a membrane and the cells of many organisms are also surrounded by a protective layer of material called a

Many distinct monosaccharides exist because so many aspects of their structure are variable

aldose or ketose placement of the carbonyl group, the number of carbons, and the different arrangements of hydroxyl groups in space

Phosphorylase

The most important enzyme involved in catalyzing the hydrolysis of α-glycosidic linkages in glycogen molecules is a protein called

Carbohydrates

* They serve as precursors to other molecules
* Provide fibrous structure materials
* Mark cell identity
* Store chemical energy

Disaccharide

When just two sugars link together, the resulting molecule is known as a

Hexose

The glucose that’s coursing through your bloodstream right now is a six-carbon sugar, or a

Pentose

Ribose, which acts as a building block for nucleotides, has five carbons and is called a