CH 203 Midterm Exam

From the Puritan belief that they were God's "Chosen People" developed the secular idea of

American Exceptionalism

The term used to indicate the "falling away from the faith and communitarian spirit of the original settlers" is

Declension

In the sixteenth-century, those Anglicans who sought to simplify rituals, reduce the power of bishops, and reform the clergy to emphasize theological learning came to be called

Puritans

According to the Massachusetts General Court, "the barbarous Heathen" rose up and attacked the English colonists at the command of

God

In "The Prologue" Anne Bradstreet is forced to argue that she can be a good poet even though she is a

woman

After watching her house burn down, Anne Bradstreet blesses

her house in heaven and God

The so-called Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth Rock were not Puritans but

Separatists

"Plainstyle" is a term associated with the Puritan attitude toward

art

The art historian Robert Hughes suggested that the Puritans invented

American newness

To the Puritans, being well off was a sign of

God's approval

Paintings like "The Murder of Jane McCrea" were used by settlers as "justification for

the murder of indigenous people, in particular men, was the treat they posed to colonial women and, thus, to the nation's future."

The military conflict between the English colonists and the Native Americans (Wampanoags, Narragansetts, and Nipmucks) that Mrs. Rowlandson is caught up in is known as

King Philip's War

Puritan logic insisted that wherever Native Americans opposed settlers there Satan

opposed God

Metacomet is the actual name of the Native American chief that the English settlers gave the name

King Philip

Early in her story, Mrs. Rowlandson changes her mind about

dying, rather live & be captured than die.

Mrs. Rowlandson's daughter Mary was at one point sold for

a gun

"Atheistical, proud, wild, cruel, barbarous, brutish, (in one word) diabolical" is the description by Mrs. Rowlandson's "friend" of

the Narrhagansets

Mrs. Rowlandson would find in the bible an explanation for

the mercy of God

Shortly after she is captured, Mary Rowlandson in effect goes into the business of

knitting and reading the bible

According to Mrs. Rowlandson, all Indians have a "horrible addictiveness" to

lying

A political compromise resulted in the removal from the Declaration of Indpendence all mention of

slavery

In America, Paine writes, THE LAW IS

KING

Arguing against slavery, Lemuel Haynes cites both natural law theory and

the bible

Many of the ideas in the Declaration of Independence had earlier been articulated in the writing of

John Locke

Unlike other revolutions, the American Revolution did not rise out of but rather created a spirit of

nationalism

Franklin says that slave labor in North America can never be as cheap as

the labor of working men in Britain

The Enlightenment in both Europe and America replaced dependence on divine enlightenment with

confidence and reliance on human reason.

The first American art to rise to real originality was

furniture

Franklin predicts that a century after he writes the greater number of English men will live

on this side of the water

Legally, the men who voted for independence committed

treason

The letter sent to the states along with the Constitution contained an analogy between the union of states and the familiar

Locklean Social Contract

Upper class anti-federalists opposed the Constitution because they believed that corruption could best be eliminated by a

small, Republican government

Constitutionalism is the theory of

limited government

The preamble to the Constitution was written by

Pennsylvania governor Morris

The "Southern" reasoning about slavery, Madison says, may appear

"to be a little strained at some point...[but] it fully reconciles me to the scale of representation which the convention have established."

Madison says that the rights of property originate in the "diversity in

the faculties of men"

History furnishes no example of a free republic anything like the extent of

the United States

"Faction" was the subject of a paper written by

James Madison

The Nevada Constitution expressly bans

slavery

The second amendment to the Constitution establishes the right to

bear arms

Writing to Lafayette, Jefferson said that with the ratification of the Bill of Rights, opposition to the Constitution

'almost totally disappeared', as the Anti-Federalist leaders lost 'almost all their followers.'

Once the Bill of Rights was ratified into law, little implementation occurred for the next

130 years

The Bill of Rights protects citizens from

tyranny and government invasion of certain liberties.

The wording of the first ten amendments was devised by

Madison

The right to an attorney of one accused of a crime is guaranteed in amendment number

6

"Cruel and unusual punishment" is forbidden by amendment number

8

The English established a Bill of Rights in the year

1689

Eight of the ten amendments in the Bill of Rights spell out

the government's commitment to protect the civil liberties of individuals.

The poet with whom Franklin caroused in London was named

Ralph

Franklin attributes his not contracting a sexually transmitted disease while in London to

great good luck

Franklin gained an international reputation through his experiments with

electricity

Franklin's first project of a public nature was the establishment of a

subscription library

Many of Franklin's generation agreed with him that the function of the great literature of the past was

utilitarian

Visiting his English relatives, Franklin found that the family had lived in the same village and on the same farm for at least

300 years

According to Franklin, attendance at public worship is largely a matter of

propriety and utility

Franklin, in his autobiography, offers as a "self-made" American hero

himself

Prior to the Revolution, in Europe the most famous North American was

Benjamin Franklin

To achieve humility, Franklin said, he tried to imitate Socrates and

Jesus

The Sedition Act in effect gave the government authority to

stifle virtually any opposition

The concept of "landscape" was imported into America from

England

People who live on the frontier, Crevecouer said, appear to be no better than

carnivorous animals of a superior rank, living on flesh of wild animals when they can catch them, and when they are not able, they subsist o grain.

Emerson tells us that on the lintels of his doorpost he would write

"Whim"

The basis of human nature, Crevecouer tells us, is

self-interest

Jefferson decided that he could buy the Louisiana Territory because the Constitution gave him the authority to

permit immediate acquisition of the vast territory by treaty, assuming that two-thirds of the Senate agreed to ratify.

The "American Adam" idea denied that the country was the product of

a long historical process

For Tocqueville, the greatest threat to democracy was

middle-class conformity

The "school" with which landscape painters Cole, Church, and Durand were associated was called

the Hudson River School

At the heart of the society developing in America over the first half of the 19th century was the concept of

individualism

"In the new code of laws...remember the ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors."

Abigail Adams

"Let it be clearly understood, then, that we are a woman's rights Society; that we believe it is woman's duty to speak wherever she feels the impression to do so; that it is her right to be present in all the councils of Church and State."

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

"The principles of democracy, then, are identical with the principles of Christianity."

Catharine Beecher

"Another instance of our creative powers, is our talent for slander; how ingenious are we at inventive scandal?"

Judith Sargent Murry

"The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her."

Elizabeth Cady Stanton for Seneca Falls Declaration

"To the women of America, in whose hands rest the real destinies of the republic, as moulded by the early training and preserved amid the maturer influences of home, this volume is affectionately inscribed."

Catharine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe

"O, had I received the advantages of early education, my ideas would, ere now, have expanded far and wide; but alas! I possess nothing but moral capability—no teachings but the teaching of the Holy Spirit."

Maria W. Stewart

"It appears, then, that it is in America, alone, that women are raised to an equality with the other sex... They are made subordinate in station, only where a regard to their best interests demands it, while, as if in compensation for this, by custom and courtesy, they are always treated as superiors."

Catharine Beecher

"We anti-suffragists stand for the conservation of the best of American womanhood... We do believe that woman has more power in uplifting civilization through the home than man does through the vote."

Mrs. Arthur M. Dodge

"At length arrived at womanhood, the uncultivated fair one feels a void, which the employments allotted her are by no means capable of filling."

Judith Sargent Murray

The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution abolished

slavery

Some form of slavery has been practiced by most

great world civilizations

Nat Turner was sentenced to be hanged from the neck until he was

dead! dead! dead!

Fitzhugh argued that the happiest people in the world are

the Negro slaves of the South

In his second inaugural address, Lincoln seems to suggest that the Civil War is God's punishment of America for

slavery

Lincoln said that the ground they were dedicating at Gettysburg had already been consecrated by

the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here

"With malice toward none; with charity for all" famously begins Lincoln's

second Inaugural Address

According to the law enacted in Virginia in 1680, a slave who raised his hand "in opposition to a christian" (sic) would receive

30 lashes on his bare back

"Notes on the State of Virgnia" was written by

Thomas Jefferson

Slavery, Locke argued, was a continuation of

the state of war

There are two types of Fugitive Slave Narratives, early ones that tell the story of "a stranger in a strange land" and later versions that narrate

a story of the deliverance into freedom of a man or woman born in America and into slavery

Douglass does not approve of the public manner with which some people conduct activities in the Underground Railroad because

their publicity does more harm than good for the remaining slaves wishing to escape, and enlightens the Master more than the slaves OR of their open declarations and openly avowing their participation in the escape of slaves, he considers the Upperground Railroad.

Douglass becomes familiar with the abolitionist cause and work by reading

the Liberator

Douglass thinks that what prevents "thousands" from escaping slavery

the strong cords of affection that binds them to their friends

Douglass describes his speaking at an anti-slavery convention as the taking up of a

severe cross

"Slaves sing most," Douglass says, "when they are most

unhappy

The dramatic climax of Douglass' story is his fight with

Mr Covey

The texts by Garrison and Philips that introduce Douglass' story are known as

authenticating documents

In his narrative, Douglass tells a story similar in pattern to that in the autobiography of

Benjamin Franklin

Douglass raises the issue of his own, and by extension all African American

identity OR slavery

Henry Nash Smith says that in the American imagination the interior of the continent became

the Garden of the World

The wedding anniversary of Joe and Marian Starrett is also

the Fourth of July