chapter 14 Qs

What component of blood counts for the largest proportion of the blood volume?

Plasma

What is a result of reduced red blood cells count and/or reduce hemoglobin content of the blood?

Decrease oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood

Type of Anemia: Thalassemia

Condition: Deficiency of hemoglobin due to detective gene; short lifespan for RBCs

Type of Anemia: Sickle Cell Disease

Condition: Defective gene leads to abnormally shaped RBCs in conditions of low oxygen

Type of Anemia: Aplastic Anemia

Condition: Damage to bone marrow due to toxic chemicals, radiation, and other factors

Type of Anemia: Hemolytic anemia

Condition: Destruction of red blood cells; toxic chemicals are one possible cause

Type of Anemia: Pernicious anemia

Condition: Increase in RBC that are large and fragile; due to deficiency and vitamin B-12

What is the typical lifespan of a red blood cell?

120 days

What is a thrombocyte?

a platelet

Define hemostasis

Process that stops bleeding

The process that occur leading to hemostasis

The order:

Step1- Vasospasm

Step2- Platelet plug formation

Step3- Coagulation

What function do compounds heparin and coumadin have in common?

Prevention of coagulation

Indicate which situation would increase the risk of blood clot information

prolonged immobility

This figure shows the result of interaction of RBC antigens (A antigens) with the antibody against the RBC antigen (anti-A antibodies). What is this result called?

Agglutination

Which scenario involves the risk of erythroblastosis fetalis?

Rh- mom and Rh+ fetus

What is the name of the condition involving a deficiency in red blood cells or in the amount of hemoglobin?

Anemia

Type of WBC: Neutrophil

Phagocytizes small particles; first- responders at infection site

Type of WBC: Monocytes

Phagocytizes large particles in tissues

Type of WBC: Lymphocyte

Provides immunity

Type of WBC: Basophil

Releases histamine and heparin

Type of WBC: Eosinophil

moderate allergic reactions; defense against parasitic worm infections

Leukocytes can undergo diapedesis. What is diapedesis?

The ability of cells to squeeze between cells of capillary walls

Type of condition: Cyanosis

Low blood oxygen levels lead to bluish tint to the skin

Type of condition: Anemia

Reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood; leads to paleness of the skin

Type of condition: Sickle-cell disease

Abnormal hemoglobin; causes hemoglobin to crystallize and low oxygen conditions

Type of condition: Thrombocytopenia

Low platelet count; results in decreased blood clotting and bruising

Person with ______ blood have neither antigen A nor antigen B on their red blood cells but have antibody anti-A and antibody anti-B in their plasma

Type O

What characteristic of red blood cells allows oxygen to more easily reach hemoglobin molecules within the cytoplasm?

biconcave shape

Abnormal red blood cell counts have what consequences on health?

Altered oxygen-carrying compatibility of blood

In initiating hemostasis, what typically activates platelets?

exposed collagen