Exam 2 - Fat soluble vitamin PRACTICE QUESTIONS

What is the precursor for endogenously produced vitamin D?

1. Stearic acid

2. Palmitate

3. Cholesterol

4. Gamma-tocopherol

3

In what organ does the enzyme α-1-hydroxylase hydroxylate vitamin D3 to its fully active form?

1. Liver

2. Kidney

3. Pancreas

4. Small intestine

2

How does vitamin D increase calcium absorption?

1. Induces synthesis of calcium-binding protein

2. Inhibits synthesis of calcium-binding protein

3. Enhances the immune system

4. Stimulates PTH

1

What is the best source of vitamin D?

1. Breast milk

2. Eggs

3. Fortified milk

4. Spinach

3

Which patient would be making adequate vitamin D, assuming they went outside between 10am & 3pm during the summer?

1. 78-year-old Asian female, no sunscreen

2. 2-year-old Caucasian male, spf 50

3. 24-year-old African-American female, no sunscreen

4. 38-year-old Irish male, no sunscreen, 3 months post bariatric surgery

4

increase age = decrease synthesis

bariatric surgery has no impact on synthesis unless it is taken orally

Who might end up with vitamin D toxicity?

1. Excessive tanners

2. Supplement users

3. Sunscreen-alcoholics

4. Excessive antacid utilization

2

What is the minimum amount of fat required for vitamin A to be absorbed?

1. 2 g

2. 7 g

3. 15 g

4. 25 g

2

Which is a good source of proformed vitamin A?

1. Cantaloupe

2. Liver

3. Salmon

4. Dairy

1

PLANTS

Which deficiencies may NOT lead to vitamin A deficiency?

1. Zinc

2. Copper

3. Protein

2

zinc and protein mobilize vitamin a out of the liver

What is retinol's function in the body?

1. Reproduction

2. Cell differentiation

3. Vision

4. Immune system

5. Antioxidant

1

2 - retinoic acid

3 - retinal

4 - retinoic acid

5- carotenoid

Does preformed vitamin A have antioxidant activity?

1. Yes

2. No

2

only carotenoids

What is the primary cause of hypovitaminosis A?

1. Fatty malabsorption

2. Inadequate vitamin A intake

3. Excessive iron intake

4. Inadequate vitamin D intake

2

1 = secondary cause

Which fat-soluble vitamins require digestion prior to absorption?

1. A & D

2. D & E

3. A & E

4. D & K

3

they get FA stuck on them to prevent toxicity

What is the function of vitamin E?

1. Bone mineralization

2. Blood coagulation

3. Reproduction

4. Antioxidant

4

Which is a good source of vitamin E?

1. Milk

2. Ground beef

3. Almonds

4. Dark green leafy vegetables

3

NUTS, SEEDS, OILS

Vitamin K is a coenzyme for formation of ________.

1. Chylomicrons

2. Hydroxyproline

3. Hydroxylysine

4. Carboxyglutamates

5. Carboxyaspartates

4

Carboxyglutamates facilitate binding of _________.

1. Potassium

2. Calcium

3. Copper

4. Magnesium

2

Calcium-bound carboxyglutamates are important for _________ and ________.

1. Oxidation; reduction

2. Clotting; ATP generation

3. Bone formation; DNA synthesis

4. Clotting; bone formation

4