Wijsbegeerte H1 - Wat is filosofie?

Flashcards on Philosophy

Bertrand Russel

The task of the philosopher to teach people how to live without certainty, without being paralyzed by uncertainty.

Ambrose Bierce

A system of many roads that lead from nowhere to nothing.

Filosofie

Love for wisdom, longing for more knowledge.

Filosofie

Being critical, questioning habits, everyday certainties, and foundations.

Intuition (20th century)

Spontaneous convictions found in one's mind when thinking about something; common sense.

Conceptuele analyse

Unraveling and improving concepts used in daily life without thinking.

Gedachte-experimenten

Experiment that takes place in the mind, used to gain new information without empirical data.

Metafysica

Studies the nature and structure of the world, the essence of reality.

Materialistische visie (fysicalistisch)

Everything is made of matter, including our brains and mental states.

Dualistische visie

Mental states are made of 'spiritual stuff'.

Logica

The art of correct reasoning and argumentation.

Slippery slope redenering

If we do A today, sooner or later B will happen, and since B is undesirable, we should not do A.

Epistemologie/ kennisleer

Studies the nature, structure, and possibility of knowledge.

Ethiek/ moraalfilosofie

Deals with moral duties, things we should or should not do.

Normatieve universum

Collection of rights, duties, recommendations, commands, and prohibitions.

Algemene wetenschapsfilosofie

Fundamental philosophical issues related to science.

Toegepaste wetenschapsfilosofie

Philosophical questions related to specific sciences.

Sciëntisme

Conviction that natural sciences are the only source of real knowledge about any subject.

First (nature) philosophers

Living and lifeless nature comes from one particular original substance.

Thales

Everything consists of water; the earth floats like a raft on cosmic seas.

Anaximander

Undefined substance, earth is a barrel.

Anaximenes

Air is the origin of everything, earth floats on surrounding air currents.

Plato

Sensory world is too changeable to provide real knowledge; possibility of knowledge offers perspective on an ideal other world (world of ideas, thoughts).

Aristoteles

Pro-sensory perception of the world.

Middeleeuwse filosofen

Attention to the bond between philosophy and faith.

Wetenschappelijke revolutie

Supernatural themes disappear into the background.