Modern History Year 11 Term 1

The American Civil War

What does TOMACPRU stand for?

Type, origin, motive, audience, content, perspective, reliability, usefullness

Were the South Pro or Anti slavery?

Pro

Were the North Pro or Anti slavery?

Anti

What were social causes of the American Civil War?

Slavery, The abolitonists, Westward expansion

What were political causes of the American Civil War?

Secession, sectionalism, the 1860 election, failure of compromises

What were economical causes of the American Civil War?

Differences in economy

What was the North’s economy called? (what type of economy?)

An industrialising economy

What was the South’s economy called?

Agrarian economy

What were the groups of people called that owned a majority of the North’s wealth?

Bankers and merchants

What were the groups of people called that owned a majority of the South’s wealth?

The planters

True or false: The North believed states rights had more authority over federal rights

False

True or false: The south believed in ‘states rights’ - the notion that individual states were moe important than the federal government

True

Was slavery a short or long term cause of the American Civil War?

Long term

Was sectionalism a short or long term cause of The American Civil War?

Short term

Was secession a short or long term cause of the American civil war?

Short term

Was the abolition a short or long term cause of the American Civil War?

Long term

Was the differences in economy (agrarian vs industrialising) a short or long term cause of the American Civil War

Long term

Was the 1860 election a short or long term cause of the American Civil War

Short term

Who was president of the confederacy?

Jefferson davis

Who was president of the union (united states technically)?

Abraham Lincoln

What opened up the civil war?

the attack on Fort Sumter (April 1861)

What was the first battle of the civil war?

The battle of Bull Run (July 1861)

In what state did the battle of Bull Run occur?

Virginia

Which battle is not a battle that occured during the Civil War?

Battle of Somme

What is slavery?

The immoral practice of a person owning other people as property and not an individual with rights, forcing them into labour.

What were some Southern arguments for the reasons they kept slavery?

• Preservation of social hierarchy

• Belief that slavery was a necessary good

• Racist ideology and white supremacy

• Fear of social and economical chaos

• Protection of their own way of life

• States rights

What was the abolition movement?

An organised effort to end the transatlantic slave-trade and emancipate enslaved people.

Which one of these people was not an abolitionist?

Robert E. Lee

How did Harriet Tubman contibute to the Abolitionist movement?

as a ‘conductor to the underground railroad’ , a metaphorical railroad that was used to assist enslaved people in escaping their plantations. Later on, she was also an advocate for Womens Rights and contributed to the fight for rights.

How did John Brown contibute to the Abolitionist movement?

Raided Harpers Ferry to steal guns and start a Slave Rebellion. The union army then stops him and he is hanged.

How did Frederick Douglas contibute to the Abolitionist Movement?

He was taught to read in secret by his Masters wife, and later on fled to New York City and wrote 3 biographies. He then advocated for African-American’s to fight in the Civil War in order to fight for their freedom. He spent the remaining years of his life working for federal government and writing.

What was westward expansion?

The territorial expansion of the U.S colonies to the west of the Mississipi river.

How did Westward Expansion contibute to the outbreak of the Civil War?

Each time a new territory applied for statehood, there were disagreements amongst the people on whether or not that state would be a ‘free state’ or a ‘slave state’.

What was secession?

The act of becoming independent from a country, an area, or an organisation.

How did secession contribute to the ourbreak of the American Civil War?

11 slave states broke off from the Union and created their own laws seperate from the federal government, out of fear that the newly elected president Abraham Lincoln would take away their right to own slaves - as well as being a seperate entity that went by State Rights.

What is sectionalism?

In the context of the Civil War, it was an act of expressing petty distinctions and an inability to come together with interests outside of one’s own, for example, the South not wanting to take into account the North’s anti-slavery mindset.

How did sedctionalism contribute to the outbreak of the Civil War?

It created economical, political and social differences in the states as the states had different views which physically split them into sections on ‘anti-slavery’ and ‘pro-slavery’.

What was the 1860 election?

It was held on the 6th of November, 1860, which saw Abraham Lincoln (a republican) as the 16th President of the United States.

How did the 1860 election contibute to the outbreak of the Civil War?

Abraham Lincoln was a Northerner, meaning he was against slavery, so when the South discovered their president was against something they valued most, they felt threatened by the beliefs of republicans. The dispute over the matter of slavery rose during the periods after the election, eventually causing seven southern states to secede from the Union.

What were political compromises made leading up to the Civil War?

• The 1820 Missouri Compromise

• The 1850 Compromise

What was the 1820 Missouri Compromise?

The compromise consisted of both regions, anti and pro slavery, discussing if Missouri should be a ‘free state’ or a ‘slave state’ as westward expansion occured.

Did Missouri end up being a slave state or a free state?

A slave state

What state became a free state after the missouri compromise?

Maine

What latitudinal line did the outcome of the Missouri Compromise result in?

36’30’

What did the 36’30’ latitudinal line do?

It set a precadent for territorial expansion, essentially being the line where the North and South split.

How did the North and South’s difference in economy contribute to the outbreak of the Civil War?

The North favoured higher tariffs due to economical values, and the South opposed those tariffs because they increased the costs of manufactured goods and harmed their export trade. The South also heavily relied on their slaves to do their farming and grow their economy, and with the prospect of abolishing slavery also meant to plummet the South’s economy.

What is the congress of the US?

The legislative branch of the Federal government that consisted of two chambers: The House of Representatives and the Senate.

What was the average Yankee (North) soldier described as?

White, native-born, farmer, protestant, single, between 18 and 29

What would a soldier do in their ‘down-time’?

Write letters to loved ones and friends

How much would white soldiers be paid roughly (a month)?

$11

How much (originally) were African American soldiers paid during the Civil War?

$0

What activites did soldiers do as a recreational hobby during the war?

• Drink

• Gamble

• Games - checkers, chess, baseball, etc.

• Put on plays

• Reading newspapers

What did it mean to be ‘protestant’?

A member or follower of any Western Christian church that seperated from the Roman Catholic Church during the 16th century reformation.

What were soldiers expected to do as a part of their role?

• Follow orders

• Patrol areas

• Fight offense and defene

What unhygenic practices during the war caused the spread of some diseases?

• Latrines (toilets with no flush) were built upstream from camps

• Slaughtered animals began to cover the ground.

• The local watersource often became fouled.

What were similarities the North and South had?

• Religion

• The distribution of wealth

• Urbanisation = increase in population.

Approximately how many union soldiers fought in the war?

Between 1.5 million and 2.4 million.

Approximately how many confederate soldiers fought in the civil war?

750,000 to 1 million

What were the roles of women before the Civil War?

• Abide by traditions as housewives

• Expected to provide for their husbands and children - staying at home in the process

• Expected to devote their lives to creating a clean, comfortable, and nurturing home.

What were the roles of union women during the civil war?

• Played a crucial role in the aid of soldiers - signing up for brigades or to be nurses

• Organised ladies aid societies to supply union troops with everything they needed

• Provided resources such as food, clothing, and cash that was primarily used for medical supplies and other necessities

• Cared for sick and injured soldiers on the front lines

• Began the United States Sanitary Commision

What were the roles of confederate women during the Civil War?

• They had less resources and money, so they provided aid through their work

• Worked as untrained nurses in makeshift hospitals

• Provided uniforms, blankets, sandbags, etc.

• Wrote letters to soldiers

• Relied on slaves for other work.

What were the roles of African American women during the civil war?

• Not free to contibute to the union cause

• Had to do the work of their husbands as their husbands were taken as valuables with Confederate slave-holders.

• Never had the luxury of ‘true-womanhood

• Civil war promised them freedom but added to their burden.

What was the role of women after the war?

Women began reinstating their role and challneging their ‘proper place’ as women. Additionally, the abilities they used during the war proved that they could be more than traditional housewives or ‘homestayers’.

What was 75% of slave labour used for during the Civil War?

To expand the rail network in the South during the war.

What is subjugation?

The action of bringing someone or something under domination or control.

What did Abraham Lincoln sign that granted African Americans with freedom, sanctioning the notion of Black’s joining the Union Army cause?

The Emancipation Proclamation

What was the all African American regiment called?

The 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment

What were some roles of African American Men in the civil war?

• Participated in both manual labour and the war effort

• Could act as spies and cooks

What was Harriet Tubman also known as?

The moses of her people

Why was Harriet Tubman known as ‘moses’?

Like how moses led the hebrews out of slavery in egypt, Harriet Tubman led enslaved people to freedom out of the south.

Approximately how many slaves did Harriet Tubman release during the war?

300

What was so significant about Robert E. Lee?

Lee was the commanding general of the Confederacy, but at first, he was Abraham Lincoln’s first choice to lead the Union army.

Why were Robert E. Lee’s war effort strategies critiqued?

His strategies caused unnecessary casualties and were very aggressive, which degraded Confederate army strength as they did not have many soldiers to begin with.

Was Ulysses S. Grant with the Union or Confederacy?

Union

What was Ulysses S. Grant’s role in the war?

He was the general of all Union armies

What was Ulysses S. Grants role after the war?

He was the President of the United states from 1869-1877 (for two terms)

Was Thomas “stonewall” Jackson with the Union or Confederacy?

Confederacy

What was Thomas “stonewall” Jacksons role in the Civil War?

He was a commanding Lieutenant general for the Confederacy

What was significant about Thomas “stonewall” Jackson?

He was a tactical Commander under Robert E. Lee and secured victories in Shenandoah Valley.

Was Abraham Lincoln with the Union or Confederacy?

Union

What was Abraham Lincoln’s role in the Civil War?

He was the 16th president of the United States during the Civil War aswell as a commander in chief of the Union Army

What was significant about Abraham Lincoln during the war?

He preserved the United States as a single nation, ended the institution of slavery, and redifined the war’s purpose toward human freedom.

Was Jefferson Davies with the Union or Confederacy?

Confederacy

What was Jefferson Davies’ role and significance in the Civil War?

He was the first and only president of the Confederate States of America (when they were seceded during the war)

Which Confederate leader ordered the attack on Fort Sumter?

Jefferson Davies

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

It was a declaration by Abraham Lincoln that all persons held as slaves in the rebellious states are henceforth set as free.

When was the Emancipation proclamation issued?

January 1st, 1863, the third year of the Civil War.

What did the Emancipation Proclamation do for soldiers?

It boosted their morale on the battlefield.

When was the Emancipation Proclamation announced (not when it was officially applied)?

22nd of Septemeber 1862

What was the Anaconda plan?

A union strategy at the start of the Civil War to defeat the Confederacy by blockading Southern ports and controlling the Mississipi River. It was essentially to cut off southern supplies and ‘suffocating’ the opposition.

What battle of the Civil War split the South in 2?

The siege/battle of Vicksburg

What states did the Union cut off from the Confederacy as a part of the success in the battle of Vicksburg?

Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas.

What was significant about the battle of Gettysburg (1863)?

It was the battle with the largest amount of casualties. It was also a large turning point for the war, and it involved a Union victory. The Battle also halted the Confederate Invasion of the Union.

Did the Union or Confederacy win the war?

The Union

Why did the Union win?

• They had more soldiers - and a higher population - meaning they could replace troops when there were casualties, whereas the south could not.

• The leaders of the armies were very strategic and were successful in most strategies

• Manufacturing capacity

• Economics

• Naval strength

• Ground transport

How did manufacturing capacity contribute to the Union victory?

With the North’s industrialising economy, they had an upper hand with the import and export of weapions needed to fight the war.

How did economics contribue to Union victory?

Much of the wealth in the country was based in the North, and when the South needed money to supply the war, they could not sustain it. For other countries, investing in the South could pose a risk as there was a chance the South would lose - and it was very high.

How did Naval STrength contribute to Union victory?

The Confederate navy was largely outgunned by the Union navy. The Union navy also implemented a naval blockade of Southern ports - meaning the south were not able to export certain goods.

How did ground transport contribute to Union victory?

Norths industrialisation meant more transport for manufactured goods, and they used lots of railroads. The North used these rail networks to connect manufacturing centres in major cities.

How did population contribute to Union victory?

The North could handle casualties as they would just replace their soldiers with thousands more people. At the beginning of the war, the Union outnumbered the South 2-1.