ochem lab unit 10

how was HBR provided

how was HBR provided

prepared in flask (in situ)

• NaBr +

purpose of adding water to RBV after reflux

to prevent sudden crystalization

effect of no pet ether during extractions

inversion of layers could occur

• organic layer at bottom not distinct

purpose of cooling to room temp before adding pet ether

pet ether has low boiling components => net to cool to prevent evaporation

purpose of aq sodium bicarbonate as extraction

to neutralize residual acid

purpose of adding anhydrous magnesium sulfate

drying agent => forms clumps/crystals

purpose of hot waste bath after anhydrous magnesium sulfate

to obtain heat liquid product

• used for percent yield and IR analysis

molarity

moles/volume (L)

TLC "less polar" spot

travels farther since it does not interact with stationary phase

retention factor

distance traveled by spot/distance traveled by solvent from

• ALWAYS <1

TLC mobile phase

non polar, liquid

TLC stationary phase

polar, liquid or solid

constant mass can be used to calculate

actual and percent yield

solid phase

25°

liquid phase

< 25°

soluble in water

polar

(?) x^n in water

slightly polar

insoluble in water

non polar

SN1 only

carbocation intermediates

SN2 only

transition state

both SN1 and SN2

nucleophilic substitutes

gas chromatography used to determine

• percent composition

• sample purity

common drying agent to remove water

sodium sulfate

t-butyl chloride made by SN1 or SN2 reaction

SN1