DNA & Protein Synthesis

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Full name for DNA, the write code for all proteins. Stores & transfers genetic information on from one generation to the next.

Nucleotides

Monomer or building block of DNA & RNA (made up of a nitrogen base (A/T/G/C/U), a sugar and a phosphate molecule

Double Helix

The shape of each DNA molecule - looks like a ladder that has been twisted (spiral staircase also…)

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

3 parts of a DNA nucleotide

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

4 nitrogen bases in DNA

Hydrogen bonds

type of bond holds together the nitrogen bases in DNA

Deoxyribose (sugar) & phosphate

two parts of a DNA nucleotide make up the BACKBONE of DNA?

Ribonucleic acid

RNA, can leave the nucleus, finds ribosomes and codes for proteins; ribose sugar, half strand of nucleic acid

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine (A-U, G-C)

4 Nitrogen bases in RNA

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Carries the DNA code from nucleus to the ribosome.

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Makes up the structure of the ribosome along with proteins.

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Complements mRNA and brings amino acids to the ribosome.

TAGCTTCG

What would the complementary DNA strand be for the following? ATCGAAGC

UAGCUUCG

What would the mRNA strand be for the following DNA strand? ATCGAAGC

Protein synthesis

joining together of amino acids to make a protein (polypeptide).

Transcription and Translation

What are the two steps of protein synthesis?

Transcription (Part 1 of protein synthesis)

Occurs in the nucleus. mRNA is made from DNA, sent out into the cell

Translation (Part 2 of protein synthesis)

Occurs at the ribosomes. tRNA delivers amino acid to match with mRNA and a protein is formed.

Codons

Series of 3 letters on the mRNA strand

Anticodons

Series of 3 letters on the tRNA molecule

Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence