C12 NON DETAILED Experimental techniques and chemical analysis

What apparatus is used for the measurement of time?

stopwatches

What apparatus is used for the measurement of temperature?

thermometer

What apparatus is used for the measurement of mass?

measuring balance

What apparatus is used for the measurement of liquids

burettes, measuring cylinder, volumetric pipettes

What apparatus is used for the measurement of gases?

gas syringe

What is a solvent?

a substance that dissolves a solute

What is a solute?

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent

What is a solution?

a mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent

What is a saturated solution?

a solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent at a specified temperature

What is a filtrate?

a liquid or solution that has passed through a filter

Rf value formula

Rf= distance travelled by substance/distance travelled by solvent

What does paper chromatography do?

to separate mixtures of soluble coloured substances, using a suitable solvent

What is residue?

a solid substance that remains after evaporation, distillation, filtration or any similar process

What does filtration do?

separates an insoluble solute from a solution

What does crystallisation do?

separates a soluble salt from the solution it is dissolved in

What does simple distillation do?

separates a solvent from a solution from a salt solution

What does fractional distillation do?

separates a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids