Module 35: Solving Problems and Making Decisions Key Concepts Problem-Solving Strategies Algorithms: Step-by-step procedures guaranteeing a solution.

Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure guaranteeing a solution to a problem.

Heuristic

A simple thinking strategy or mental shortcut that often leads to a solution but is more prone to errors.

Insight

A sudden realization of a problem's solution, often feeling intuitive.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to search for evidence that supports one's preconceptions while ignoring contradictory evidence.

Fixation

The inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective.

Mental Set

The tendency to approach problems with methods that have worked in the past.

Functional Fixedness

The inability to see alternative uses for an object.

Intuition

Fast, automatic, and unconscious thought processes that can lead to errors.

Representativeness Heuristic

Judging the likelihood of an event based on how similar it is to a prototype, potentially ignoring base rates.

Availability Heuristic

Estimating the likelihood of events based on how easily instances come to mind, influenced by recency and vividness.

Overconfidence

The tendency to overestimate the accuracy of one’s personal knowledge and judgments.

Belief Perseverance

The tendency to hold onto beliefs even when they are discredited.

Framing Effect

The influence of the way an issue is presented on people's decisions and judgments.