Module 35: Solving Problems and Making Decisions Key Concepts Problem-Solving Strategies Algorithms: Step-by-step procedures guaranteeing a solution.

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13 Terms

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Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure guaranteeing a solution to a problem.

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Heuristic

A simple thinking strategy or mental shortcut that often leads to a solution but is more prone to errors.

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Insight

A sudden realization of a problem's solution, often feeling intuitive.

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Confirmation Bias

The tendency to search for evidence that supports one's preconceptions while ignoring contradictory evidence.

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Fixation

The inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective.

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Mental Set

The tendency to approach problems with methods that have worked in the past.

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Functional Fixedness

The inability to see alternative uses for an object.

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Intuition

Fast, automatic, and unconscious thought processes that can lead to errors.

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Representativeness Heuristic

Judging the likelihood of an event based on how similar it is to a prototype, potentially ignoring base rates.

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Availability Heuristic

Estimating the likelihood of events based on how easily instances come to mind, influenced by recency and vividness.

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Overconfidence

The tendency to overestimate the accuracy of one’s personal knowledge and judgments.

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Belief Perseverance

The tendency to hold onto beliefs even when they are discredited.

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Framing Effect

The influence of the way an issue is presented on people's decisions and judgments.