quiz 16

social psychology 2 (: good luck :)

automatic mimicry

The desire to conform is so strong that there is actually an unconscious layer of conformity

placements

experimental figures who are instructed to do something in a social experiment

conformity

While we automatically and unconsciously mimic others, consciously adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with the group standard

Asch Experiment

consisted of several different groups of six people who were shown a line and told to answer which of three options best matched the size of the line in question.

normative social influence

were compelled to conform due to a desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

informational social influence

the willingness to accept others’ reality – because they felt there was no way five people could be wrong about something so obvious… they felt they were seeing something wrong.

obedience

has a substantial influence on one’s behavior and likelihood of conforming—especially if the actions or consequences are impersonal.

Birkenhead shipwreck

When the ship was sinking, and passengers were attempting to escape, British soldiers obeyed orders to stay in ranks on deck and sink with the ship to allow civilians and other passengers to escape safely.

group polarization

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.

Heterodox Academy

a group that lacks of thought diversity tends to result, over time, in orthodoxy

orthodoxy

an questionable set of beliefs or doctrines held to be universally or objectively true.

groupthink

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in the decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

aided and U.S. trained former Cuban rebels.

social facilitation

perform better or more intensely in the presence of others

social loafing

the tendency to perform worse or exert less effort in groups.

deindividuation

The loss of one’s self control and identity in the anonymity of a group setting.

prisoner’s dilemma

a concept that shows why two completely rational individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interests to do so.

prejudice

an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude or prejudgment towards a group and its members. Generally speaking, prejudice involves stereotyped beliefs that were influenced by the environment—i.e., one’s upbringing.

stereotyped

generalized beliefs about a group and the individuals within that group

ethnocentric

a view that their race or ethnicity is superior to others.

subtle racism

discomfort and slight prejudice in attitudes towards other groups.

ingroup

predisposes us for a view of ‘us’ vs. ‘them.’ In fact, the evolutionary predisposition for those like us can be seen
in our natural perception of other races.

outgroup

others unlike you and those in your ingroup.

in-group bias.

We then often develop prejudiced beliefs against the outgroup, and preferential views, treatment, and favoritism to those in our own group

just-world theory

the idea that the world is just and you get what you

deserve, be it good or bad.

scapegoat theory

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger

dekulakization

the targeted killing of several million kulaks—successful farmers and peasants—regardless of individual character or guilt

Great Leap Forward

the targeted persecution, imprisonment, and killing of millions of successful individuals and professionals

Holocaust

These three 20th-century examples alone were responsible for the deaths of over 70 million Soviet, Chinese, Jewish, Slavic, and other civilians.