Barnett Exam 4

John Dos Passos

Author that wrote Big Money

The Big Money

Written by Dos Passos, Satire about how everyone chases the money that leads to the great depression.

Ernest Hemingway

Novelist that was rejected from the military because of a defective eye- but worked as an ambulance driver. Wrote The Sun also Rises and Farewell to Arms

The Sun Also Rises

Written by Ernest Hemmingway; its was a pessimistic but very successful book-nonnative people living in France.

Farewell to Arms

Written by Ernest Hemingway, love story about war but also realistic and shows the depression of the lost generation

Ezra Pound

American poet and Critic that shaped modern literature.

Personae

Collection of Poems about veterans coming back to the US post-war written by Ezra Pound

Sinclair Lewis

American writer and social critic; Brought attention to American complacency with his satirical novels. He understood the business of literature so he would advertise a book that hadn't been published yet so he could sell copies.

Main Street

Satire written by Sinclair Lewis; about the attacks townspeople of Minnesota and the superficial people who despise them.

Gertrude Stein

Paris writer, self-styled- obscure and confusing for general readers. Had a mentorship with Hemingway and critiqued his work.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Novelist- famous for depiction of jazz. Wrote The Other Side of Paradise

The Other Side of Paradise

First novel that Fitzgerald wrote; Revolution of the new morality in the jazz age. Love distorted by social climbing and greed. Allowed him to be claimed as a Published writer.

The Great Gatsby

Novel written by Fitzgerald. This novel made him rich. About the American dream but the contrast between old and new money.

Zelda Fitzgerald

American writer and playwright; Carefree flapper ideals. Married to Fitzgerald. Wrote Save for Me the Waltz

Save for Me the Waltz

Zelda Fitzgeralds' only novel, related to Fitzgeralds' troubled marriage. Didn't sell well. Writing really showed how psychotic she was.

H.L. Mencken

Controversial, humorist, a strong critic of American life. Influence US fiction, criticism of American social/cultural weakness. Wrote for the American Mercury newspaper.

American Mercury

Literary magazine, satirical on American life, politics, customs. Founded by HL Mencken and George Jean Nathan

Bolsheviks

A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917

American Plan

The term that some U.S. employers in the 1920s used to describe their policy of refusing to negotiate with unions.

A. Mitchell Palmer (Raids)

He was an attorney general and said the revolution was crawling all over America like a "prairie fire"

Lucy Fryer

Was a 53 year old white woman who was murdered.

Jesse Washington

Found guilty of Lucy Fryer's murder despite lack of evidence; he was chained to a tree and cut to pieces, poured gasoline on him, and drug him through town behind a truck; 10,000 people witnessed this but nothing happened to the men who did it.

Waco

The buckle of the Bible belt- a good American place to live. Place where Lucy Fryer and Jesse Washington were murdered.

D.W. Griffith

Groundbreaking American film director, directed "The Birth of a Nation"

"Birth of a Nation"

Controversial but highly influential and innovative silent film directed by D.W. Griffith; It demonstrated the power of film propaganda and revived the KKK. It showed a woman being killed by a black man and the KKK riding up to get justice for the woman.

Cecil B. DeMille

Filmmaker, made silent films called 10 Commandments and King of Kings. He made the first movie with sound called the jazz singer

Harold Lloyd

American actor, comedian, and stunt performer for silent films.

Buster Keaton

American actor comedian, and filmmaker for silent films. Known for playing the sad case that would be victimized by always getting hit.

Charlie Chaplin

Comedic actor for silent films; "The Little Hobo"

Keystone Kops

The incompetent on-screen police force; comedic in silent films.

Fatty Arbuckle

casting couch; Threatened Virginia to get her to sleep with him- she dies and everyone thinks he killed her. He bribes the jury members with cars for thanks of saying that he didn't kill her.

Virginia Rappe

From the country, moved to Hollywood to become a star. Arbuckle threated her to get her to sleep with him and she dies due to surgery complications.

Will B. Good

Fatty Arbuckle's fake name to restart his career after the Virginia Rappe scandal.

Douglas Fairbanks

Actor, director producer. Best known for pirate roles in silent films

Rudolph Valentino

AKA the latin lover; Italian actor in US silent films. "The most attractive man"

Clara Bowe

American actress in silent films and talkies; known for being the shopgirl aka the "it girl". Known for being outspoken and independent

Gloria Swanson

American actress in dozens of silent films. Golden globe award, best actress. Known for being outspoken and independent.

Thomas Edison

Made the Light bulb, phonograph, and motion pictures.

Kinetoscope

Early device to view motion pictures- one person at a time through a peephole. Made by Thomas Edison and William Dickson.

Nickelodeons

Places where you could rent time to use the kinetoscopes.

Phonograph

Invented by Thomas Edison; Popularized music- diverse tastes and could choose your music- buy and play. Changed home entertainment- the choice.

Ragtime

Rhythmic music that became popular when the Phonograph came out.

Fritz Lang

Austrian-born American film director that delt with the fate of people inevitably working out their destiny. Fear and fate films that have the tests of time.

Al Jolson

American singer, blackface comedian on the musical stage and films.

Metropolis

A science fiction that is set in the future. Fritz Lang's vision of the grim future of society; Separation of classes and a love story. Impact on production design- set pieces, special effects, immense skyscrapers, robots with women features.

The Jazz Singer

Synched dialogue- talkies; Al Jolson is the blackface adult who becomes a jazz singer; "You ain't heard nothing yet"; Pioneered the talking picture-revolutionized the industry. First movie with "sound", only had sound in parts

Scott Joplin

Ragtime musician

John T. Scopes

Was arrested for teaching evolution in Dayton, TN. The A.C.L.U. put together a team to defend him. He was found guilty and fined $100. His trial marked the end of the fundamentalist movement- church attendance went down.

Clarence Darrow

Defense attorney for John T. Scopes. Most successful trail attorney in the U.S. Came to defend Scopes and to attack/criticize the validity of the Butler Act; called Bryan to the stand: "how long does the Bible say a day is?"

William Jennings Bryan

Man hired by the state of TN to defend the Butler Act; he was against Scopes- defending the State; Man of faith; died a few days after the trial.

Inherit the Wind

A movie that was about the Butler Act. The exact story of John T. Scopes and the trial- a person of faith is challenged by an intellect.

A.C.L.U.

American Civil Liberties Union

KDKA

First commercial broadcasting radio (Pittsburgh). So successful that others were made across the nation

Westinghouse Manufacturing and Electric

Broadcast musical programs that became incredibly popular so they began to broadcast on a regular schedule; music, news, etc.

RCA NBC

Radio corporation of America- national broadcasting corporation. They had a number of different radio stations. They are important because they cover the 1928 election and revolutionizes homes. Families begin to listen to the radio together.

Al Smith

Governor for NY and ran for democratic party presidential election.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

An effort on the part of Hoover's administration to pump money into big businesses. People at the bottom needed money though, creating a bigger problem.

The Lost Generation

Group of American writers during WWI that thought their values were no longer relevant during post-war- spiritual alienation.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Charge a high tax on imported goods (~50%). other countries retaliated by closing their borders to trade with US.

Bonus Bill

A bill to make pensions available to veterans of WWI. The government had set money to be distributed to veterans. These payments were scheduled to begin in 40s. The bill was attempted to be passes, but never made it because Hoover never approved it.

Bonus Army

Group of WWI vets that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their government war bonuses in cash.

Douglas MacArthur

American military general that led the army to control the bonus army riots. He has a prominent role in WWII.

Hoovervilles

Shanty towns in Great Depression built by the homeless; named after Hoover

Dust Bowl

Severe dust storms that ruined agriculture and ecology in the 1930s.

John Steinbeck

American writer- got a Nobel peace prize. Wrote about realistic and imaginative.

The Grapes of Wrath

Written by Steinbeck about a family in Oklahoma during the Great Depression and Dust Bowl. The bitterness of the Great Depression stirred sympathy for migratory farm workers.

Stock Market Crash

Leading component that started the Great Depression. Stocks became popular but then lost interest, resulting in their loss of money and hope they had in stocks.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Provide financial support to state and local government and give loans to banks, railroads, mortgage associations, etc.

John Nance Garner

Democratic politician, and lawyer from TX. 32 VP under FDR; 39th speaker of the house.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

The governor of NY; talked about givign the American people a New Deal: Domestic Policy. Was part of the most important election in the history of the US until this year.

New Deal

The name of FDR's program for getting the US out of the Great Depression.

Fireside Chats

FDR would address the nation via radio about the great depression recovery, the emergency banking act response, the recession, the new deal, WWII.

Emergency Banking Act

Act to stabilize the banking system. Banks are safer than mattresses.

Harold Ickes

Secretary of the interior for 13 years

Harry Hopkins

Head of the Federal Emergency Relief Act program. He was a questionable man: womanizer, gambler, and chain smoker.

Alphabet Agencies

Government agencies came to be known by the first initials of their names. For example to CWA, CCC, AAA, etc.

Civil Works Administration

Provided temporary jobs such as leaf-raking during the hard-hit winter.

Civilian Conservation Corps

A major public works program in the US during the Great Depression

Agricultural Adjustment Administration

Gave farmers money to reduce crop size to reduce production and bring up the value of crops. Introduced the kill program- killed sick animals so that healthy ones could take their place. The only drawback was that a bunch of farmers were fired because of it.

National Recovery Administration

Enforced codes that regulate wages, prices, and working conditions.

Tennessee Valley Authority

New Deal program that built dams to control flooding and produce cheap electric power.

Public Works Administration

New Deal agency that provided millions of jobs constructing public buildings. Built two new aircraft carriers that ended up saving the US at the battle of Midway.

Works Progress Administration

Programs of the New Deal to perform public works to put people back to work.

Yorktown

One of the new aircraft carriers made by the PWA/WPA that ended up saving the U.S. at the battle of Midway.

Enterprise

One of the new aircraft carriers made by the PWA/WPA that ended up saving the U.S. at the battle of Midway.

Social Security Act

Created a tax on workers and employers. That money provided monthly pensions for retired people.

Frances Perkins

U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet.

Huey Long

As a senator in 1932 Washington preached him "Share Our Wealth" programs.

Share Our Wealth

Radical relief program proposed by Senator Huey Long in the 1930s to empower the government to seize wealth from the rich through taxes and provide a guaranteed minimum income and home to every American family.

Frances Townsend

Advocated that the federal government pay $200 each month to all Americans over the age of 60.

Charles Coughlin ("The Radio Priest")

A man who put on a Christian front, but blamed the Jews for everything. During WWII he raised funds and sent them to Hitler in support of his cause. Considered the New Deal a failure.

The Christian Front

Anti-Sematic political association in response to priest Charels Coughlin; American Catholics

Hiram Evans

Was a KKK leader in Texas and was called "The Grand Wizard". said the KKK was the view of the perfect American.

D.C. Stephenson

A KKK leader from the Midwest; Encountered a young woman and raped her with him and his friends. She then killed herself in his house and since he didn't do anything he was arrested for manslaughter. This story caused people to drop from the KKK.