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35 Terms

1
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What was the popular group in the southern German states that Bismarck viewed as a cultural threat to the new Germany?
Catholic Center Party.
2
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Which Marxist political group did Bismarck see as a political threat to the new Germany?
Social Democratic Party (SPD).
3
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What legislation required Prussian priests to be educated in Germany and curtailed the pope's power?
May Laws.
4
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What is the term used for Bismarck's strategy against the Catholic Church, meaning 'struggle for culture'?
Kulturkampf.
5
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Who was the new German emperor that opposed Bismarck and contributed to the lead-up to WWI?
William II.
6
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What term refers to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, where Austria and Hungary were united under one monarch but had separate capitals and legislative assemblies?
Dual Monarchy.
7
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What was the 'Compromise' of 1867 that created Austria-Hungary called?
Ausgleich.
8
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What is the nationalist movement aimed at establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine called?
Zionism.
9
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What term describes the prejudice against Jews that intensified in Europe during the 19th century?
Anti-semitism.
10
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Who was the Jewish military captain falsely accused of treason, leading to significant division in France?
Dreyfus.
11
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Which French writer defended Dreyfus and accused the military and government of corruption in his article 'J'Accuse'?
Zola.
12
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Who was the Austrian journalist that founded the Zionist movement and urged for a Jewish homeland in Palestine?
Herzl.
13
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What British document promised land in Palestine as a homeland for Jews in exchange for their help in WWI?
Balfour Declaration.
14
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What alliance was formed in 1873 among the conservative emperors of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia?
Three Emperors League.
15
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What was Bismarck's attempt to ensure Russian neutrality if conflict arose called?
Reinsurance Treaty.
16
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What term describes the Ottoman Empire as it declined in the late 19th century?
Sick Man of Europe.
17
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Which country defeated the Ottoman Empire in 1878 but lost its territories at the Congress of Berlin mainly due to British pressure?
Russia.
18
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What term refers to extreme, chauvinistic patriotism that favors aggressive foreign policies?
Jingoism.
19
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What region in southeastern Europe was characterized by diverse nationalities like Serbs, Croats, and Slavs wanting independence?
Balkans.
20
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What theory suggests that diseases are caused by germs and can be controlled?
Germ Theory.
21
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Who was the French chemist that discovered heat could kill bacteria in liquids?
Pasteur.
22
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Who was the first to use disinfectants in surgical procedures using germ theory?
Lister.
23
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Who published the periodic table, arranging elements by increasing atomic mass?
Mendeleev.
24
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Who is considered the father of sociology and is associated with Positivism?
Comte.
25
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What belief holds that knowledge should come from scientific observation?
Positivism.
26
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Which English natural scientist developed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Charles Darwin.
27
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What is the title of Charles Darwin's book that explains species evolution over time?
Origin of the Species.
28
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What belief asserts that only the fittest survive in political and economic struggles?
Social Darwinism.
29
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Who was the English philosopher that applied natural selection to human societies, developing the idea of 'survival of the fittest'?
Spencer.
30
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Who was the Austrian physician known for founding psychoanalysis and focusing on unconscious behavior causes?
Freud.
31
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Who was the German physicist known for developing quantum theory?
Planck.
32
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Who was the French philosopher that valued personal experiences and intuition over rational thought, associated with vitalism?
Bergson.
33
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Which influential German philosopher is remembered for the concept of the 'superman' and rejecting Christian values?
Nietzsche.
34
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What is Albert Einstein's theory that describes the relationships between time, space, energy, and matter?
Theory of relativity.
35
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Who was the German-born physicist known for his significant contributions to theories of light, time, and space?
Einstein.