ap retrieval practice

What was the popular group in the southern German states that Bismarck viewed as a cultural threat to the new Germany?

Catholic Center Party.

Which Marxist political group did Bismarck see as a political threat to the new Germany?

Social Democratic Party (SPD).

What legislation required Prussian priests to be educated in Germany and curtailed the pope's power?

May Laws.

What is the term used for Bismarck's strategy against the Catholic Church, meaning 'struggle for culture'?

Kulturkampf.

Who was the new German emperor that opposed Bismarck and contributed to the lead-up to WWI?

William II.

What term refers to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, where Austria and Hungary were united under one monarch but had separate capitals and legislative assemblies?

Dual Monarchy.

What was the 'Compromise' of 1867 that created Austria-Hungary called?

Ausgleich.

What is the nationalist movement aimed at establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine called?

Zionism.

What term describes the prejudice against Jews that intensified in Europe during the 19th century?

Anti-semitism.

Who was the Jewish military captain falsely accused of treason, leading to significant division in France?

Dreyfus.

Which French writer defended Dreyfus and accused the military and government of corruption in his article 'J'Accuse'?

Zola.

Who was the Austrian journalist that founded the Zionist movement and urged for a Jewish homeland in Palestine?

Herzl.

What British document promised land in Palestine as a homeland for Jews in exchange for their help in WWI?

Balfour Declaration.

What alliance was formed in 1873 among the conservative emperors of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia?

Three Emperors League.

What was Bismarck's attempt to ensure Russian neutrality if conflict arose called?

Reinsurance Treaty.

What term describes the Ottoman Empire as it declined in the late 19th century?

Sick Man of Europe.

Which country defeated the Ottoman Empire in 1878 but lost its territories at the Congress of Berlin mainly due to British pressure?

Russia.

What term refers to extreme, chauvinistic patriotism that favors aggressive foreign policies?

Jingoism.

What region in southeastern Europe was characterized by diverse nationalities like Serbs, Croats, and Slavs wanting independence?

Balkans.

What theory suggests that diseases are caused by germs and can be controlled?

Germ Theory.

Who was the French chemist that discovered heat could kill bacteria in liquids?

Pasteur.

Who was the first to use disinfectants in surgical procedures using germ theory?

Lister.

Who published the periodic table, arranging elements by increasing atomic mass?

Mendeleev.

Who is considered the father of sociology and is associated with Positivism?

Comte.

What belief holds that knowledge should come from scientific observation?

Positivism.

Which English natural scientist developed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Charles Darwin.

What is the title of Charles Darwin's book that explains species evolution over time?

Origin of the Species.

What belief asserts that only the fittest survive in political and economic struggles?

Social Darwinism.

Who was the English philosopher that applied natural selection to human societies, developing the idea of 'survival of the fittest'?

Spencer.

Who was the Austrian physician known for founding psychoanalysis and focusing on unconscious behavior causes?

Freud.

Who was the German physicist known for developing quantum theory?

Planck.

Who was the French philosopher that valued personal experiences and intuition over rational thought, associated with vitalism?

Bergson.

Which influential German philosopher is remembered for the concept of the 'superman' and rejecting Christian values?

Nietzsche.

What is Albert Einstein's theory that describes the relationships between time, space, energy, and matter?

Theory of relativity.

Who was the German-born physicist known for his significant contributions to theories of light, time, and space?

Einstein.