Unit 2: Conductors, Capacitors, Dielectrics

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Electric field

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It is a vector quantity that describes the force experienced by a charged particle in an electric field.

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zero

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The electric field inside a conductor is _____, and any excess charge resides on the surface of the conductor.

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24 Terms

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Electric field

It is a vector quantity that describes the force experienced by a charged particle in an electric field.

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zero

The electric field inside a conductor is _____, and any excess charge resides on the surface of the conductor.

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surface of a conductor

The electric field on the __ is perpendicular to the surface and is proportional to the surface charge density.

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outside the surface

The electric field just __ of a conductor is perpendicular to the surface and is equal to the electric field inside the conductor.

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inside the surface

The electric field just _____ of a conductor is perpendicular to the surface and is equal to the electric field outside the conductor.

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curved

The electric field on the surface of a conductor is strongest where the surface is most ____, and weakest where the surface is most flat.

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Electric shielding

It is the process of reducing the electric field in a space by surrounding it with a conductive material.

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Faraday cage

It is a type of electric shielding that completely surrounds a space with a conductive material, creating a barrier that prevents electromagnetic waves from entering or leaving the space.

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Capacitor

An electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It consists of two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material.

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Capacitance

It is the ability of a capacitor to store charge.

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Parallel plate capacitor

It is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field between two parallel conducting plates. It consists of two parallel plates separated by a dielectric material.

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= εA/d

capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor

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E = V/d

electric field between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor

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U = (1/2)CV^2

energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor

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Ceramic capacitors

These are the most commonly used type of capacitor.

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Electrolytic capacitors

These are polarized capacitors that use an electrolyte as the dielectric.

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Film capacitors

These are non-polarized capacitors that use a thin plastic film as the dielectric.

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Tantalum capacitors

These are polarized capacitors that use tantalum metal as the anode.

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Variable capacitors

These are capacitors whose capacitance can be adjusted.

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E = 1/2 * C * V^2

energy stored in a capacitor

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Dielectrics

These are materials that do not conduct electricity easily.

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Polar dielectrics

These have a permanent dipole moment due to the presence of polar molecules.

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Non-polar dielectrics

They do not have a permanent dipole moment. They are made up of non-polar molecules and do not align themselves in an electric field.

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Dielectric strength

It is the maximum electric field that a dielectric material can withstand before it breaks down and conducts electricity. It is measured in volts per meter (V/m).