Hunger, Eating & Health

How do we process food?

The Digestive System

What are the key pancreatic hormones?

Insulin & Glucagon

What does insulin do?

Shifts carbohydrates frm the blood to storage

What is Glucagon?

Shifts fuel from storage tp where is is needed to fuel the body

Why does our intake have to be so complex?

Because we are omniovorous

What is the outcome of all that digestion?

Lipids -> fats

Amino Acids -> Proteins

Glucose -> Glycogen

How do we know when to eat? (evolutionary background)

Homeostasis

What is satiety?

Feeling of fullness

What are some signs of satiety?

Buccal activity & High levels of sensory stimulation

How is satiety controlled?

Hormonally

What is leptin?

Hormone secreted from fat tissues that increase metabolic rate and decrease food intake

What is the satiety cascade?

Sensory -> cognitive -> post-ingestive -> post-absorptive.

Why is it diificult to balance satiety sometimes?

Genetics, learning, social learning, social pressures, food industry, toxic environment

What are the health implications of poor eating?

Nutritional deficits & Obsesity

What does obesity affect?

Social functionality & premature mortality

How do genetic factors affect what happens when we eat?

Predisposed to liking certain foods as they are associated with nutritional value

What can affect learned taste preferences and aversions?

Culture, Upbringing & Satiety to specific foods

What is sensory-specific satiety?

The sensory properties of the food influence intake and ratings of pleasantness

How does social learning affect what we eat?

Imitation of what and how others eat

What environmental factors affect what we eat?

lighting, temperature, portion sizes, smells & location

How is the food industry in a toxic place?

Selling cheap, processed food

What is the Malthusian hypothesis?

Overpopulation will outrun food supply

How does a toxic environment link to what we eat?

Food industry and cultural shifts lead us to becoming more obese on average