History Final

What is the job of a historian?

research, analyze, interpret, and write about the past by studying historical documents and sources.

what are the different disciplines used to study History?

anthropology, archaeology, and geology

Anthropology

the study of human societies and cultures and their development.

archaeology

study of artifacts and relics of early mankind

geology

science dealing with the earth's history as recorded in rocks

What was the Palaeolithic era?

Stone Age (Old)

* hunting and gathering
* Nomads

What was the Neolithic era?

when we started farming (agriculture)

\-neo means new

\-lithic mean age

\-people stopped being nomadic

The development of writing, the number system, civilizations (cities), and law in the ancient world

Circa: Spread Greek culture, language, religion

\--Greek culture has a really wide influence

What is karma in Hinduism and Buddhism?

The effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation

\-a whole lifelong process

\-something we don't do here

what is Buddhism and when did it develop?

**Buddhism**- belief that human life is one of suffering, and that meditation, spiritual and physical labor, and good behavior are the ways to achieve enlightenment or nirvana.

**-Siddhartha Gautama** (reformer from the Himalayas mtns) spread ideas across Asia

what are the key aspects of Buddhism?

\-Buddhists’ final goal is Nirvana

\-suffering is the root of happiness, and happiness is the root of desire

What is Hinduism?

* A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms

How are Buddhism and Hinduism similar?

* Both taught the importance of karma


* Both religions believe in ahimsa, the principle of non-violence

What is legalism?

* philosophical belief that human beings are more inclined to do wrong than the right because they are motivated entirely by self-interest and require strict laws to control their impulses

What is Daoism?

* a philosophy and religion that developed in China and stressed the belief that one should live in harmony with nature and the Dao

What is Confucianism?

* **an ancient Chinese belief system, which focuses on the importance of personal ethics and morality**

Who was Homer? And, what was his legacy?

* A Greek Poet
* author of the Iliad and Odyssey


* Circa 1000 B.C.E- Circe 750 B.C.E
* Greece’s “Dark Ages”- little information known

The Trojan War

* 10 year war fought between the Mycenaean Greeks and the city of Troy

Who is Herodotus?

"Father of History", stressed importance of research

Athenian Democracy and it's limitations

* freed slaves
* Women had limit rights and privileges
* they were rarely permitted out in public and were even restricted to where they could be within their homes.

Sparta

Sparta was one of the most dominant of all the Greek city-states and is most often remembered for its athletic and militaristic values.

Athens

A Greek City state that is known as the birthplace of democracy and the idea that all citizens should have a voice in governing their society.

The Roman Republic

The Roman Republic is a period in which the city-state of Rome existed as a republican government, It’s also known as one of the earliest examples of representative democracy in the world.

Who was the First Emperor Of Rome?

Augustus (also known as Octavian) was the first emperor of ancient Rome. Augustus came to power after the assassination of Julius Caesar

What is the Pax Romana?

a state of comparative tranquillity throughout the Mediterranean world from the reign of Augustus the reign of Marcus Aurelius

Who is Claudius?

Claudius was the fourth Roman emperor from 41 to 54 A.D. Best known for the successful expansion of Rome into Britain and parts of Africa and the Middle East,

What is Rome’s view of science?

* spread of Christianity
* polytheistic
* they didn't do much original research, they stole ideas from other societies
* they adopted it from the Greeks
* little to no research

What started the Spread of Christianity in Rome?

Its spread was greatly aided by the empire's political unification and extensive road system, as well as the belief among many Christians that the religion was something anyone could adopt, regardless of regional or religious background.

Where were most civilizations formed?

Around rivers

What did the first alphabet lack?

vowels: A,E,I,O,U

What is Nirvana

Nirvana, the state to which all Buddhists aspire, is the cessation of desire and hence the end of suffering.

What are the four Noble Truths?

* **the truth of suffering,**
* **the truth of the cause of suffering,**
* **the truth of the end of suffering,**
* **the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering**.

What is Taoism

Taoism is an ancient Chinese philosophy and religion that instructs believers on how to exist in harmony with the universe.

who was the man responsible for ending the roman republic?

Ceaser