AP Bio: Photosynthesis

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis in words?

water+carbon dioxide+light=oxygen and sugar

What is the primary pigment found in cells that capture the sun's energy?

chlorophyll

What reaction occurs in thylakoids?

light-dependent

Where does the calvin cycle occur?

stroma

What two type of energies does the calvin cycle use?

ATP and NADPH

What does the calvin cycle do?

converts carbon dioxide into sugars

what molecule does light-dependent reactions split and what does it produce?

water and oxygen

What does light-dependent reactions convert?

ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH

What three factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

intensity of light, amount of water, temperature

carbon fixation

converting carbon dioxide into sugars

redox reaction

requires energy

what type of reaction is carbon fixation?

redox reaction

what happens in light reactions

one molecule of chlorophyll absorbs one photon and loses one electron

light-dependent reactions

occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts and use light energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH

How are the cyclic cylce and non-cylic cycle different?

Cyclic generates only ATP, and no reduced NADP (NADPH) is created. Only in photo 1.

cyclic cycle

returns back to photosystem one. Cycle.

Non-cyclic cycle

the photons are captured in the light-harvesting antenna complexes of photosystem II by chlorophyll and other accessory pigments.

photoinduced charge separation

an electron is transferred to the primary electron-acceptor molecule, pheophytin. Non-cyclic.

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with ____

ATP and NADPH

What is the correct sequnece of the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

H20-NADPH-Calvin cycle

Cooperation of the two photosystems of the chloroplast is required for

reduction of NADP+

In "mechanism" photophosphorylation is most similar to ___

oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration

which process is most directly driven by light energy?

removal of electrons from membrane-bound chlorophyll molecules

Chloroplast is to ____ as mitochondria is to cellular respiration

photosynthesis

What color of light is least effective in driving photosynthesis?

green

How does the ETC help produce ATP?

As the electrons fall down the chain to a lower energy level they produce ATP since the fall is exergonic.

photosystems

how chlorophyll, proteins, and small organic molecules are organized

reaction center

where the first light-driven chemical reaction of photosynthesis occurs

mesophyll

where chloroplasts are mainly found in cells

stomata

pores that allow oxygen to exit and carbon dioxide to enter

Where do plants get their oxygen?

water

photophosphorylation

adding a phosophate group to ADP to create ATP

electromagnetic spectrum

the entire range of radiation

visible light

wavelength 380-750nm

photons

particles of light

absorption spectrum

pigment's light absorption versus wavelength

carotenoids

accessory pigments

chlorophyll b

yellow-green

chlorophyll a

blue-green

rubisco

enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle

photorespiration

When mitochondria nd peroxisomes break the two-carbon molecule down to CO2.

Where is ATP PRODUCED

An ETC forms in the thylakoid space of the chloroplast, generating ATP through chemiosmosis during photosynthesis (PSI)

What is the purpose of H2O in photosynthesis

H2O electron donator to P680 for the light reactions, and it is split during photolysis to release oxygen as a byproduct.

When/Where is oxygen released in photosynthesis

Oxygen is released during the light reactions of photosynthesis when water is split (photolysis) to provide electrons to P680 in photosystem II.