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What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis in words?
water+carbon dioxide+light=oxygen and sugar
What is the primary pigment found in cells that capture the sun's energy?
chlorophyll
What reaction occurs in thylakoids?
light-dependent
Where does the calvin cycle occur?
stroma
What two type of energies does the calvin cycle use?
ATP and NADPH
What does the calvin cycle do?
converts carbon dioxide into sugars
what molecule does light-dependent reactions split and what does it produce?
water and oxygen
What does light-dependent reactions convert?
ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH
What three factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
intensity of light, amount of water, temperature
carbon fixation
converting carbon dioxide into sugars
redox reaction
requires energy
what type of reaction is carbon fixation?
redox reaction
what happens in light reactions
one molecule of chlorophyll absorbs one photon and loses one electron
light-dependent reactions
occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts and use light energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH
How are the cyclic cylce and non-cylic cycle different?
Cyclic generates only ATP, and no reduced NADP (NADPH) is created. Only in photo 1.
cyclic cycle
returns back to photosystem one. Cycle.
Non-cyclic cycle
the photons are captured in the light-harvesting antenna complexes of photosystem II by chlorophyll and other accessory pigments.
photoinduced charge separation
an electron is transferred to the primary electron-acceptor molecule, pheophytin. Non-cyclic.
The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with ____
ATP and NADPH
What is the correct sequnece of the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?
H20-NADPH-Calvin cycle
Cooperation of the two photosystems of the chloroplast is required for
reduction of NADP+
In "mechanism" photophosphorylation is most similar to ___
oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration
which process is most directly driven by light energy?
removal of electrons from membrane-bound chlorophyll molecules
Chloroplast is to ____ as mitochondria is to cellular respiration
photosynthesis
What color of light is least effective in driving photosynthesis?
green
How does the ETC help produce ATP?
As the electrons fall down the chain to a lower energy level they produce ATP since the fall is exergonic.
photosystems
how chlorophyll, proteins, and small organic molecules are organized
reaction center
where the first light-driven chemical reaction of photosynthesis occurs
mesophyll
where chloroplasts are mainly found in cells
stomata
pores that allow oxygen to exit and carbon dioxide to enter
Where do plants get their oxygen?
water
photophosphorylation
adding a phosophate group to ADP to create ATP
electromagnetic spectrum
the entire range of radiation
visible light
wavelength 380-750nm
photons
particles of light
absorption spectrum
pigment's light absorption versus wavelength
carotenoids
accessory pigments
chlorophyll b
yellow-green
chlorophyll a
blue-green
rubisco
enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle
photorespiration
When mitochondria nd peroxisomes break the two-carbon molecule down to CO2.
Where is ATP PRODUCED
An ETC forms in the thylakoid space of the chloroplast, generating ATP through chemiosmosis during photosynthesis (PSI)
What is the purpose of H2O in photosynthesis
H2O electron donator to P680 for the light reactions, and it is split during photolysis to release oxygen as a byproduct.
When/Where is oxygen released in photosynthesis
Oxygen is released during the light reactions of photosynthesis when water is split (photolysis) to provide electrons to P680 in photosystem II.
Note 
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