Muscle, Respiratory, and Circulatory Systems Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms related to the muscular and respiratory systems.

Flexor

A muscle that decreases the angle between two bones.

Sarcolemere

The plasma membrane of a muscle cell.

Sarcomere

The basic unit of muscle contraction.

Extensor

A muscle that increases the angle between two bones.

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells that stores and releases calcium ions.

Troponin

A protein involved in muscle contraction. It is located on tropomyosin and moves it to allow myosin to bind to actin.

Tropomyosin

A protein involved in muscle contraction. It winds around actin and prevents myosin from grabbing it.

Actin

A protein that forms (together with myosin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells.

Myosin

A fibrous protein that forms (together with actin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells and is involved in muscle contraction.

Origin

The attachment site of a muscle to a bone that does not move during contraction.

Insertion

The attachment site of a muscle to a bone that moves during contraction.

Tidal Volume

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing.

Expiratory Reserve Volume

The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

The amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation.

Vital Capacity

The total amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation.

Residual Volume

The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.

Total Lung Capacity

The total amount of air the lungs can hold.