Memory/Reasoning/Language AP Psychology

not all terms from each unit are present, just the ones that seem the most difficult to grasp.

Inductive Reasoning

Reasoning from the specific to the general.

Deductive Reasoning

Reasoning from the general to the specific.

Retrieval

The process of getting the info of the memory storage.

Recall

Measure of memory in which the person must retrieve info learned earlier.

Recognition

Measure of memory in which the person needs to only identify items previously learned.

Heuristic

Problem-solving strategy used as a mental shortcut to quickly simplify and solve a problem (does not guarantee a correct solution)

Semantic Memory

Recall of factual information (dates, names)

Flashbulb Memory

Vivid, detailed recollections of significant events.These memories are often retained for a long time.

Procedural Memory

Skills, tasks that don't require conscious thought.

Episodic Memory

Recalling personal experiences and specific events.

Working Memory

Temporarily holding info available for processing.

Automatic Processing

Doesn’t require conscious effort to encode information such as space, time, and frequency.

Effortful Processing

Does require conscious effort to encode information, often involving rehearsal or mnemonic devices.

Anterograde Amnesia

Inability to form new memories.

Availability Heuristic

Mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a person’s mind.

Proactive Interference

Trying to recall new memories, but are interfered with old memories.

Retroactive Interference

Trying to recall old memories, but are interfered with new memories.

Chunking

Process of grouping info into larger units to improve memory.

Implicit memories are stored in ____

The Cerebellum

Explicit memories are formed in ____

The Hippocampus

Morpheme

The smallest unit of meaning in a language, containing a minimum of 2 phonemes.

Grammar

Set of rules that a language follows.

Over-generalization

When a child incorrectly uses grammar rules, showing they are working through the language to better understand it.

Linguistic Determinism

The structure of a particular language determines how the mental categories of language are structured.

Metacognition

The process of thinking about thinking.

Context-dependent memory

The recall of information while in the same context of the environment in which it was acquired.