Ch. 7

Fabricate

create or invent something with the purpose to deceive

Affiliate

associate a group of people with another group or organization

Displaced

moved from its original and proper place

Jeopardize

put someone/something into a situation in which there is a threat and danger

Intervene

to take part in something to prevent or alter a result or course of events

Advocate

a person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy.

Cessation

being brought to an end

Resolution

a firm decision to do or not to do something.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

intergovernmental organization; promotes cooperation on defense and security to prevent conflict

Teeter

move or balance unsteadily; sway back and forth; unable to make a firm decision

Exploit

benefit and make use of something in a way considered unfair or underhand.

NGOs (Non-governmental organizations)

nonprofit entities independent of governmental influence; also called Transnational Nongovernmental Organizations

Epitomize

be a perfect example of

UN (United Nations)

an intergovernmental organization whose stated purpose is to maintain global peace and security; Formed at the end of WWII; promotes peace and development

IGOs (international Governmental Organizations)

organizations whose membership consists of more than three states; discuss matters of mutual interest; have permanent bureaucracies; can be universal, issue-based, regional, etc.; made up of states

Infringe

actively break the terms of something

EU (European Union)

Supranational political and economic organization in Europe;

Mutual

held in common by two or more parties.

OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)

an international organization considering the oil supply and demand in the world; headquartered in Vienna, Austria.

Obscure

not clearly expressed or easily understood.

Mundane

lacking interest or excitement; dull.

TNCs (Transnational Actors)

organizations that work across borders, but whose members are not states;

Proliferate

increase rapidly in number; multiply.

Transnational

extending or going beyond national boundaries; involving many nations

Transaction Costs

expenses incurred when buying or selling a good or service

Forums

an online discussion board where people can ask questions, share their experiences, and discuss topics of mutual interest

Monitoring

observe and check the progress or quality of something over a period of time; keep under systematic review.

Agenda

a plan of things to be done or problems to be addressed.

Reliance

dependence on or trust in someone or something.

Intergovernmentalism

argues that states, based on national interests, determine the outcome of integration.

Supranationalism

the idea or practice of separate national governments coming together to form institutions and/or create policies that have authority or jurisdiction over the member nations; E.U., etc.

Subsidiarity

a principle of social organization that holds that social and political issues should be dealt with at the most immediate or local level that is consistent with their resolution

State Sovereignty

the idea that a state has the highest jurisdiction over its own land

Dues

the payments that someone makes in order to belong to an organization

Ad hoc

when necessary or needed.

R2P

Responsibility to Protect; an international norm that seeks to ensure that the international community never again fails to halt the mass atrocity crimes of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

Veto

“I refuse”

Security Council

The fifteen-member council within the UN in charge of dealing with threats to international security

Subsequent

coming after something in time; following.

Secretary General

The head of the UN bureaucracy and the personification and public face of the UN

Deterrent

a thing that discourages or is intended to discourage someone from doing something.

Peacekeeping

organization of the UN seeking to provide security and support to help countries make the difficult, early transition from conflict to peace

Retaliate

make an attack in return for a similar attack.

Unabated

without any reduction in intensity or strength.

UNICEF

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund; agency responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.

WHO

World Health Organization; United Nations organization responsible for international public health

Adjudicate

make a formal judgment on a disputed matter.

Norms

rule or standard of behavior shared by members of a social group.

Lament

a complaint; to express regret or disappointment about something.

Mandate

an official order or commission to do something.

Elusive

difficult to find, catch, or achieve.

Feasible

possible to do easily or conveniently; probable

Impetus

something that makes a process or activity happen or happen more quickly.

Incremental

relating to or denoting an increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale.

Fiscal

relating to government revenue, especially taxes.

Treaty of Rome

Founding document of the current EU; Signed by Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, + the Netherlands; Added Euratom and the EEC

Tariffs

taxes charged on the import of goods from foreign countries.

Integration

the action or process of combining and incorporating.

Maastricht Treaty

most significant amendment since the Treaty of Rome; Changed name to European Union; Proposed creating single security and foreign policy, and the creation of a single currency; signified that the EU was moving beyond economic union and toward a single political entity

Divergent

tending to be different or develop in different directions.

Lisbon Treaty

modified version of the EU constitution; Created the President of the EU Council and the High Representative of Foreign Affairs; Modified voting system; Increased power of European Parliament and reduced power of European Council

Cumbersome

large or heavy and therefore difficult to carry or use; unwieldy.

Engender

cause or give rise to something

Commissioner

head of a specific ministry in the EU “cabinet”; govern for the benefit of the entire community; not allowed to take instruction from their home government

Explicitly

in a clear and detailed manner, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.

Unanimous

fully in agreement.

Consultation

the action or process of formally consulting or discussing.

Pelt

hurl something repeatedly at someone

Forge

create something strong, enduring, or successful.

Watchdog Groups

groups that use research and media to compel governments

Apartheid

a system of institutionalized racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 to the early 1990s

Prerogative

a right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class.

Dismantle

take something apart