First part of interwar period

Weimar Republic

The democratic government established in Germany from 1919 to 1933.

Social Democrats

A major political party in Germany advocating for moderate socialism and democracy.

Sparatacists

A revolutionary socialist group in Germany that attempted a communist uprising in 1919.

Kapp Putsch

A right-wing coup attempt in 1920 aimed at overthrowing the Weimar Republic.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended World War I, imposing harsh terms on Germany,

League of Nations

An international organization established after World War I to maintain peace.

Little Entente

An alliance of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Romania aimed at containing German and Hungarian influence.

Reparations

Payments that Germany was required to make to the Allies after World War I.

Hyperinflation(1923)

The period of extreme inflation in Germany, where the value of the currency collapsed.

Dawes Plan(1924)

A plan to restructure German reparations and stabilize its economy through foreign loans.

Absentee Capitalism

Economic exploitation by foreign owners who manage resources or businesses from afar.

Great Depression

A global economic downturn starting in 1929 that had severe impacts on Germany and other countries.

Locarno Treaties(1925)

Agreements aimed at ensuring peace in Europe, with Germany accepting its borders.

Spirit of Locarno

The optimistic atmosphere of international cooperation and peace following the Locarno Treaties.

Treaty of Rapallo(1922)

An agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union that normalized relations and provided mutual economic benefits.

Kellogg- Briand Pact(Pact of Parris, 1928)

An international treaty condemning the use of war to resolve disputes.

Polish Corridor

The territory separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany, created by the Treaty of Versailles.

Ruhr Valley

An industrial region in Germany occupied by French and Belgian troops in 1923 to enforce reparations payments.

East Elbian Junkers

Landowners in eastern Germany whose estates remained untouched by Weimar-era reforms.

Marxism

The socialist ideology advocating for a classless society, which influenced the Social Democrats.

Nationalism

The political ideology advocating for national independence and pride, which grew in Germany after the Great Depression.

Anti-Imperialism

The opposition to colonial rule and foreign exploitation, especially in Asia.

Militant Nationalism

The aggressive form of nationalism that arose in Germany and Japan during economic crises.

Bourgeoisie

The middle class, particulary affected by hyperinflation in Germany.

Racial Discrimination

The systemic inequality and exclusion experienced by non-Europeans under imperialist rule.