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Physical/Biological Development

Changes in an individual’s physical nature, including growth, sensory capacities, motor skills, and health.

Cognitive Development

Pattern of change in mental abilities such as learning, memory, language, and reasoning.

Psychosocial/Socioemotional Development

Changes in social relationships, emotions, and personality.

Interconnected Domains

The three domains of development (physical, cognitive, psychosocial) affect each other.

Prenatal Period

Development from conception to birth, involving significant growth and brain development.

Infancy and Toddlerhood

A period of extreme dependence on adults, with rapid physical and cognitive development.

Early Childhood

Known as preschool years, characterized by steady growth and development of self-concept and social skills.

Middle and Late Childhood

Corresponds to elementary school years, with improved cognitive skills and increased importance of peers.

Adolescence

A time of rapid physical changes and identity exploration, with significant cognitive and psychosocial development.

Emerging & Young Adulthood

Developmental period focusing on establishing independence, career, and intimate relationships.

Middle Adulthood

A time of expanding responsibilities and potential midlife transitions, with a focus on career and family.

Late Adulthood

The longest developmental period, often involving health decline and reflection on life.

Theory

An interrelated set of concepts that describe, explain, and predict data in scientific study.

Hypotheses

Possible explanations for phenomena that can be tested through research.

Six Criteria of Theory

Includes generating research, falsifiability, organizing data, guiding action, internal consistency, and parsimony.

Psychoanalytic Theories

Focus on unconscious thoughts and early childhood experiences shaping personality.

Sigmund Freud

Originator of psychoanalytic perspective, emphasizing innate drives and reactive development.

Structure of the Mind

Comprises the id, ego, and superego, each with distinct functions and anxieties.

Psychosexual Development

Personality develops through stages focused on different pleasure centers.

Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development

Outlines eight stages of psychosocial development, each with a central conflict.

Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development

Describes four stages of cognitive development, focusing on how children think and learn.

Identity Crisis

A period of vulnerability and potential for significant identity changes during adolescence.

Cognitive Perspective

Focuses on thought processes and their influence on behavior, encompassing various theories.