Biological molecules (2.3-2.4)

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37 Terms

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→Reaction
________ that uses water to break apart subunits.
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food molecules
Digested ________ in the alimentary canal are moved around the body using water as a solvent.
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Biochemistry
________: The study of the organic and inorganic molecules that make up living organisms.
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organic molecules
All ________ contain carbon and hydrogen atoms; Hydrocarbons.
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Enzymes
________ have active sites where substrate molecules bind for a reaction to take place.
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Carbohydrates
________ are long chains of simple sugars (glucose)
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Metabolism
________: Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism.
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metabolic reaction
Water is an important part of the cytoplasm and is involved in ensuring ________ can take place in cells.
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Shape
________ determines the function of the protein.
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Condensation reactions
________ synthesise protein molecules and water from amino acids.
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central carbon
In proteins there are four components attached to a(n) ________.
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excess carbohydrates
Plants store ________ as starch.
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source of energy
Harvesting animals store food in bodies as fat as a(n) ________.
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Carbon
Carbohydrates: Organic compounds containing ________, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
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Lipids
________: Organic compounds containing chemical elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen.
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Amino acids
________ are soluble in water; can be transported in organisms.
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→Organic molecules
________ can be large and show a wide variety of chain and ring structures.
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strands of DNA
The bases on each strand form cross links (hydrogen bonds) and form base pairs holding the two ________ in the double helic together.
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Excess proteins
________ are not stored in the body, they are converted into urea in the liver- deamination of amino acids.
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Subunits
________ can be split apart by Hydrolisis.
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DNA
________ contains the instruction for the growth and development of organisims and is made of 2 strands wrapped around eachother forming a double helix.
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Antibodies
________ are proteins produced by WBCs which bind to antigens on the surface of antibodies.
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Large molecules
________ are made from smaller ones.
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Simple sugars
________ are also called monosaccharides; made of one sugar molecule.
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enzymes
They are used to make antibodies, ________, hormones, and plasma proteins.
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enzymes
Since ________ are substrate specific the shape of the active site has to match the shape of the molecule.
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Biochemistry
The study of the organic and inorganic molecules that make up living organisms
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Metabolism
:Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism
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Carbohydrates
Organic compounds containing Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
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→The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2
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Sources
rice, wheat, oats, maize barley
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Proteins
Organic compounds containing Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (and sometimes sulphur)
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Sources
Milk, eggiwhite, fish, peas, beans and meat
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Lipids
Organic compounds containing chemical elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
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→The ration of hydrogen to oxygen 20
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Sources
Cream, ghee, oil, nuts, butter, dairy
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Nucleotides
individual units of DNA