AP World History

What is Neo-Confucianism?

An ancient Chinese belief system focusing on personal ethics and morality.

What did Confucianism emphasize in terms of social hierarchy?

It emphasized a hierarchy where the husband is above the wife, father above son, and ruler above subjects.

What was the practice of foot-binding in ancient China?

A practice of tying a girl’s feet to make her more desirable for marriage.

What rights did women have compared to men in the Song Dynasty?

Women did not have the same rights as men.

What does filial piety refer to in Confucianism?

An attitude of respect towards ancestors and elders.

What is the Mandate of Heaven?

A Chinese concept stating that a ruler's right to rule is granted by Heaven.

What happens if a ruler loses the Mandate of Heaven?

It signifies that they can be overthrown and someone else can take their place.

What is bureaucracy in the context of the Song Dynasty?

A centralized system of government that allowed effective governance through the empire.

Define meritocracy as it pertains to the Chinese bureaucracy.

Positions were awarded based on knowledge and ability, rather than connections and wealth.

What was the Civil Service Exam in ancient China?

An exam that Chinese men studied for to qualify for bureaucratic positions.

What is the Grand Canal?

The longest man-made waterway in China, crucial for trade.

What are tributary states in relation to China?

Neighboring states that maintained their own cultures while paying tributes to China.

What is champa rice known for?

Drought-resistant, early ripening rice that could be harvested multiple times a year.

What was foot-binding practiced for in ancient China?

To make women more desirable for marriage.

What were some agricultural advancements in China's history?

Manure, irrigation systems, and heavy plows.

List three new technologies developed in China during this period.

Steel, compass, paper, and woodblock printing.

Why was China regarded as the Center Kingdom?

Because it was the main source of many products and heavily influenced trade networks.

What mix of religious beliefs dominated China?

Confucianism, Daoism, and rapidly spreading Buddhism.

Who took control of Dar-Al-Islam before 1200?

The Abbasid Caliphate.

What was the major change when the Seljuks took over Dar-Al-Islam?

The leadership shifted from Arabs to Turks.

What does the Inquisition refer to in the context of the Catholic Reformation?

A movement to root out and punish non-believers.

Who proposed the 95 Theses and initiated the Protestant Reformation?

Martin Luther.

What were indulgences in the Catholic Church?

Payments made to have sins forgiven.

What is the Protestant Reformation?

A movement against the practices of the Catholic Church that led to the emergence of Protestant denominations.

What was the Great Schism?

The split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

What was the significance of the Renaissance?

A great cultural revival of art and literature, emphasizing humanism.

What was the main cause of the French Revolution?

Discontent with the extravagance of the nobility and economic hardship.

Who is known for the idea of the social contract?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

What did the Enlightenment promote?

Secular ideas including natural human rights and rationalism.

Describe the Industrial Revolution.

A period of dramatic change in industrial processes and societal organization.

What invention greatly changed factory systems during the Industrial Revolution?

The steam engine.

What did the term 'Pax Mongolica' refer to?

An era of peace during Mongol rule that facilitated trade.

What was the role of Marco Polo in history?

A traveler who brought knowledge and stories from Asia to Europe.

What is the significance of the Treaty of Versailles?

It ended WWI and imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

What was a major consequence of the Industrial Revolution regarding societal structure?

Rapid urbanization and migration to cities for factory jobs.

What was the impact of the Great Depression?

A global economic crisis that led to widespread hardship and affected economies worldwide.

What was the main cause of World War II?

The Treaty of Versailles and the Great Depression, leading to rising tensions.

What was the purpose of the League of Nations?

To maintain peace and prevent future conflicts after WWI.

What was one of the main reasons for the start of the Russian Revolution?

Discontent with the Tsar and social inequality.

What did the Cold War primarily involve?

A geopolitical tension between the U.S. and the USSR characterized by indirect conflict.

What is decolonization?

The process of countries gaining independence from colonial powers.

What were the consequences of imperialism?

Economic exploitation, cultural changes, and social upheaval in colonized countries.

What describes the cultural aspect of globalization?

The spread of popular culture through media and communication.

What does the term 'non-violent resistance' refer to?

The strategy of opposing oppression without physical violence.

What was the goal of the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S.?

To end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans.

What does 'nation-state' mean in the context of nationalism?

A form of political organization in which a distinct cultural group is governed as a single entity.

What are multinational corporations?

Companies that operate in multiple countries while being legally incorporated in one.

What was the significance of the fall of the Berlin Wall?

It symbolized the end of the Cold War and the division between East and West.

What was a major health issue that arose in the post-Industrial Revolution era?

Increased pollution leading to health crises.

What is the 'Casta System' in colonial Latin America?

A social hierarchy based on race and ancestry.

Describe the Guomindang.

The Nationalist party in China that opposed the Communist Party.

Who were the Bolsheviks?

The faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party that advocated for a socialist revolution.

What is meant by cultural imperialism?

The practice of promoting and imposing one culture over others.

What role did technology play during the Industrial Revolution?

Technological advancements led to mass production and increased efficiency in manufacturing.

What was the major aim of the Marshall Plan?

To provide economic assistance to help rebuild European nations after WWII.

What was the impact of World War I on European national borders?

It significantly altered national boundaries and created new nations.

What was one outcome of the Cold War?

The establishment of NATO and the Warsaw Pact as military alliances.

What was significant about the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women?

It aimed to outline women's rights and achieve gender equality across nations.

What does the term 'Green Revolution' refer to in agriculture?

Advancements in agricultural practices leading to increased food production.

Define social contract as per Enlightenment thinkers.

The theory that governments must protect the natural rights of individuals.

Who is credited with the concept of laissez-faire economics?

Adam Smith.

What does globalization often result in regarding cultures?

A blending of cultures as a result of increased communication and trade.

What significant shift occurred in art and philosophy during the Renaissance?

A shift towards humanism, emphasizing individual achievement and secular themes.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Nanking?

It marked the end of the First Opium War and imposed unequal terms on China.

What technological innovations were essential in enhancing production during the Industrial Revolution?

The steam engine, spinning jenny, and the power loom.

What impact did urbanization have during the Industrial Revolution?

Increased migration to cities, leading to overpopulation and poor living conditions.

What is the importance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

It set international standards for human rights across all nations.

What does 'economic liberation' refer to in the context of globalization?

Policies promoting free trade and minimal government intervention in the economy.

Describe the role of the United Nations in global governance.

To promote peace, security, and cooperation between countries.

What characterized the relationship between the U.S. and China after the Cold War?

A complex relationship involving cooperation and competition on various issues.

What was the impact of environmental changes brought about by globalization?

Issues such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, and pollution have escalated.

How did World War II lead to changes in global power dynamics?

It established the U.S. and USSR as superpowers and influenced global politics.

What caused the Armenian Genocide?

The Ottoman Empire's suspicion that Armenians were collaborating with enemies during WWI.

What was the primary outcome of the Taiping Rebellion?

Efforts to overthrow the Qing dynasty and establish equality.

What describes the reliance on fossil fuels in the modern economy?

Economic growth has led to increased energy consumption primarily from fossil fuels.

How did technology redefine warfare during the World Wars?

Innovations such as tanks, airplanes, and machine guns transformed military tactics.

What are the implications of global trade agreements like NAFTA?

They promote economic integration and reduce trade barriers among member countries.

What influenced the rise of nationalism in the 19th century?

A sense of shared culture, language, and history among people seeking self-governance.

What were the main phases of decolonization following WWII?

Wars of independence, peaceful transitions, and international pressure for self-determination.