Unit 8

Causes of the Great Depression

Causes of the Great Depression

• industrial overproduction- from supplying Europe, more products than consumers, farmers suffer

• consumer overspending- spending sprees, attitudes in the roaring 20s 

• get rich quick attitudes: invest in the stock market with little $ down in hopes of getting big earnings

• disparity in wealth- workers, farmers, coal miners, factory workers, did not prosper in the 20s feel it first and lose their jobs

• banking panic- unemployed so everyone rushes to withdraw savings, the bank runs out of money

Stock Market Crash

• Black Thursday- Oct 24, 1929, stock prices start to go down so people pull out shares,  

• Black Tuesday- Oct 29, 1929, bottom fell out, all time low bc continue to sell so drop even more

• result in bank failures 

• overspeculation: taking out loans to buy stocks, risking money you don't have, caused SM to crash 

Hoover’s Presidency

• gov did not do anything to help the economy- “hands off”

• hoovervilles- lose jobs and evicted so no where to live 

FDR Presidency

• goal: get US out of the great depression, did this through the NEW DEAL 

• man of action

• well liked 

Dust Bowl

dust storms due to severe droughts caused by bad farming practices

• 1932, last for 7 years

• midwest turned into a desert

• make Great Depression worse for farmers

• Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, New Mex

First New Deal

set of government programs/plans to improve America’s economy (1933-35, during FDRs 1st term)

Purpose of the New Deal

save capitalism, escape the great depression

• Relief- jobs for the unemployed, protect farmers from foreclosure   

• Recovery- gte economy back into high gear, prime the pump 

• Reform- regulate banks, abolish child labor, conserve farm lands

FDIC

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, insure deposits up to $10k incase of bank failure

CCC

Civilian Conservation Corp, relief, outdoor work to unemployed men 17-29, $30/month but $22 back to fam 

TVA

Tn Valley Authority, jobs to build dams, power plants, roads, control flooding, and bring electricity to the rural south 

Second New Deal

FDRs programs during his second term, foundation of federal social welfare program(1935-1938)

SSA

 retirement benefits, unemployment insurance, welfare payments for the needy 

Criticism of the New Deal

Huey Long- ran against FDR in the 36 election but was assassinated in 1935

Share the Wealth- take money from the rich and give it to the poor, ND was not doing enough

totalitarian government

political systems in which the government has total control over the people’s lives, a dictatorship

3 types of totalitarian government

Fascism, Communism, Nativism

Fascism

political philosophy that advocates a strong, centralized, nationalistic government headed by a powerful dictator

Italy, Benito Mussilini

Communism

economic system based on government ownership of private property and industry

Russia, Joseph Stalin

Nativism

extreme nationalism coupled with extreme racism

Germany, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party

Economic Output

boom in industrial production, factorized mobilized to meet demands of war effort, made it easier to do so when ww2 started

one of the ways that WWI shaped Americans lives 

gender roles

women took on jobs in the workforce, gain more independence, pave the way for suffrage, Rosie the Riveter

one of the ways that WWI shaped Americans lives

Race Relations

AA have big impact on war effort, still segregated within the military, highlight racial inequality, end discrimination in the workplace w/ exec order 8802 

one of the ways that WWI shaped Americans lives

European Theater

I have a really good definition in my notes

land based fighting, large scale bombing raids, more countries

D-Day

turning point in the war(Eu Theater side)

allies surprise attack Germany and storm coast of Normandy where Germany was in control of France

Fall of Berlin

US and GB invade Berlin from the East and SU invade form the West

Hitler commit suicide and Germany surrenders

V-E day=allies have control in EU Theater

Pacific Theater

fighting on the sea, island hopping/invasion, aerial, close contact, Japan fought to the death

Pearl Harbor

started bc- US cuts Japan off from trade(they depended on US oil)

Dec 7, 1941- Japanese planes bomb Pearl Harbor naval base

significance- US now supports joining the war

Battle of Midway

surprise attack on Japan

turning point- US goes on the offensive for once

• before now Japan had been the one attacking

War Relocation Camps

internment camps- relocated Japanese citizens of supporting the axis powers

why? US give was afraid of spies/terrorists

Korematsu vs. U.S.

challenged the internments bc of loss of property and business

but the Supreme Court help them up

Manhattan Project

US secret project to build nuclear, even VP didnt know

tets in Los Alamos- no people around to notice

Japan Surrender

US drop atomics on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

V-J day- Aug 14, 1945

Causes of the War

LOOK IN BOOK

Axis VS Allied Power

STILL NEED TO DO THIS ONE

Soviet Union and Joseph Stalin

Stalin refused to reunite his part of Germany

Sov Un want to take over lands that Hitler had once conquered an them to join his SU

Sov Union form German Democratic Republic

Iron Curtain

potential mini essay questions

Causes of WW2, New Deal- goals and examples and how it helped, 1st new deal vs second new deal, Roosevelt vs Hoover, differences in axis and allies and how created, how hitler gained power, red scare

capitalism/democracy vs. communism/totalitarian state

US and SU are the only ones left

competition on who is stronger

LOOK IN NOTES

division of Germany

no one was running Germany (bc leader dead)

• allies split it up and take over 

  • responsible for rebuilding and care 

  • supposed to be temporary