AP BIO NOTES-UNIT 5

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Blending Hypothesis

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37 Terms

1

Blending Hypothesis

The idea that genetic material from two parents blend together.

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2

Particulate Hypothesis

The idea that parents pass discrete heritable units called genes.

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3

Gregor Mendel

The father of genetics who discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments with pea plants.

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4

True Breeding Plants

Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when self-pollinated.

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5

Hybrid Offspring

Offspring produced from a cross between two true breeding parents.

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6

F1 Generation

The first generation of offspring from a genetic cross.

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7

Dominant Trait

A trait that is expressed when at least one dominant allele is present.

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8

Recessive Trait

A trait that is only expressed when two recessive alleles are present.

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9

Law of Segregation

The principle stating that the two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation.

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10

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a character.

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11

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a gene.

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12

Test Cross

A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual.

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13

Monohybrid Cross

A genetic cross involving a single trait.

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14

Dihybrid Cross

A genetic cross involving two traits.

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15

Law of Independent Assortment

The principle stating that alleles for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation.

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16

Linked Genes

Genes that are located near each other on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

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17

Multiplication Rule

A rule that states the probability of two or more independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities.

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18

What does the Blending Hypothesis suggest?

It suggests that genetic material from two parents blend together.

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19

What is meant by the Particulate Hypothesis?

It refers to the idea that parents pass discrete heritable units called genes.

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20

Who is known as the father of genetics?

Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics.

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21

What are True Breeding Plants?

Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when self-pollinated.

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22

What are Hybrid Offspring?

Offspring produced from a cross between two true breeding parents.

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23

What is the F1 Generation?

The first generation of offspring from a genetic cross.

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24

What is a Dominant Trait?

A trait that is expressed when at least one dominant allele is present.

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25

What is a Recessive Trait?

A trait that is only expressed when two recessive alleles are present.

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26

What does the Law of Segregation state?

It states that the two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation.

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27

What is a Test Cross?

A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual.

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28

What are alleles?

Different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus.

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29

What is genotype?

The genetic makeup of an individual, represented by the alleles they possess.

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30

What is phenotype?

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

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31

What does homozygous dominant mean?

An individual having two identical dominant alleles for a trait.

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32

What does homozygous recessive mean?

An individual having two identical recessive alleles for a trait.

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33

What does heterozygous mean?

An individual having two different alleles for a gene.

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34

What are sex-linked traits?

Traits that are associated with genes located on sex chromosomes, often displayed differently in males and females.

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35

What is a carrier?

An individual who has one recessive allele for a trait but does not exhibit the trait phenotypically.

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36

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Dominant alleles express their traits when present; recessive alleles express traits only when two copies are present.

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37

What is a Punnett square?

A diagram used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two individuals.

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