Preconventional morality (before age 9):Self-interest; obey rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards.

Conventional morality

Involves upholding laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order, valuing societal norms.

Postconventional morality

Actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles.

Stage One: Trust vs Mistrust

Developmental stage from birth to 1 year, questioning if the world is supportive or unpredictable.

Stage Two: Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

Developmental stage from 1 to 3 years, focusing on ability to do things independently, like potty training.

Stage Three: Initiative vs Guilt

Developmental stage from 3 to 6 years, centered on self-perception of being good or bad.

Stage Four: Competence vs Inferiority

Developmental stage from 6 years to puberty, focused on feelings of capability and success.

Stage Five: Identity vs Role Confusion

Developmental stage during teenage years into 20s, centered on self-identity and definition.

Stage Six: Intimacy vs Isolation

Developmental stage from 20s to early 40s, focusing on relationships and life sharing.

Stage Seven: Generativity vs Stagnation

Developmental stage from 40s to 60s, questioning life contributions and midlife crisis.

Stage Eight: Integrity vs Despair

Developmental stage in 60s to rest of life, centered on life reflection and retirement.