the war for independence

(1651) parliament said goods had to be shipped through England + taxed before reaching colonies, colonists limited to where could sell goods

navigation acts

(1754-1763) war between brit and France for control of north america, war spilled from Europe to new world, ended w treaty of paris

french and Indian war

french and Indian war: for Americans it was _____ war, for Brits it was____ war

french and indian war, seven years war

treaty of paris: brit got all of north America ____ of ___________ river (incl. Florida), Spain got land ____ of ___________ river (incl. New Orleans), french only control few small islands near newfoundland and in west indies

east, Mississippi, west, mississippi 

england gave colonies more freedoms (beneficial for colonies), in effect until 1763, gave colonists taste of self gov’t

salutary neglect

(1764) brit start taxing colonists for money, decreased tax on molasses so that ppl would buy it instead of smuggle, added tax on sugar and more, reinforced smuggling trials @ vice-admiralty courts (not colonial courts)

sugar act

effects of french and Indian war

slide 20

(1765) law that created tax on virtually all documents made of paper, made for repaying debt from french + Indian war and other wars

stamp act

secret resistance group, led by Sam Adams, harassed stamp agents until they quit job, stamp act repealed but declaratory act passed

sons of liberty

stated Brits had complete authority to tax colonists in all cases whatsoever

declaratory acts

(1767) taxes on imported goods from britain to colonies

townshend acts (slide 25)

(march 5 1770) 50-60 men/boys gather to taunt brit soldiers outside Boston customs house, started throwing sticks and snowballs so Brits open fired, killed 5 men (incl. crispus attacks)

boston massacre (named by Sam Adams + other sons of liberty)

doctor, colonial resistance leader, Sam Adams friend, helped raise militias, summonded Paul Revere, gave Paul Revere task of warning colonists that brit were coming, gets info from brit general wife (affair), almost first potus

joseph warren

(Dec 16 1773) colonists disguised as native americans unloaded 342 chest of tea into Boston harbor

boston tea party

(1774) [pushed by king George III] parliament’s response to destroying brit property, incl Boston port act, Massachusetts governing act, and quartering act

intolerable/coercive acts

closed down Boston harbor

boston port act

revoked colonial charter + forbade town meetings

massachusetts governing act

colonists homes could be used to house brit soldiers

quartering act(177

(1774) 56 delegates met in Philly to draw a decl of colonial rights. defended colonists rights to run own affairs, supported protests in MA, said colonies could fight back if brit used forced against them, would meet again if demands not met

first continental congress

(April 19 1775) 700 brit soldiers secretly send to destroy colonists military supplies in concord + capture John Hancock and Sam Adams, sons of liberty sent Paul Revere + William Dawes + Samuel prescott to warn minutemen of brits, Revere warned Adams + Hancock to flee and spoiled brit element of surprise, colonists moved military supplies

start of battle of Lexington + concord

brits reach Lexington + greeted by 70 minutemen, brit ordered minutemen to leave, while leaving a shot was fired so Brits fired volley of shots to minutemen, 8 mm killed + 10 mm wounded + 1 brit injured

battle of lexington

when brit got to concord found empty arsenal, began back to Boston but 3-4k minutemen alr assembled + shot at troops from behind stone walls + trees, 49 colonists killed + 39 colonists wounded + 73 Brits killed + 174 Brits wounded + brit humiliated 

battle of concord

(may 1775) revolutionary war alr started w battles of Lexington + concord, Congress decide militiamen around Boston = continental army + George Washington is general, send olive-branch petition for former harmony but rejected

second continental congress

(June 17 1775) brit general Thomas gage + 2.4k soldiers attack Boston militia dug in breed’s hill, brit took 3 tries to take hill, finally succeeded but only bc Boston militiamen ran low on ammo, deadliest battle of the war + Joseph warren died

battle of bunker hill

book by Thomas Paine pointing out advantages of freedom from brit rule + social economic equality, attacked King (King = strongest bond between America + brit)

common sense

slide 39

second cont congress

ppl have right to life + liberty + pursuit of happiness, gov’t gets power from consent of governed, ppl can alter/abolish any gov’t that threatens unalienable rights

main pts of decl of indep

supported indep + wanted to break away from crown

patriots

opposed indep + wanted to stay loyal to crown

loyalists

check slide 41

botton

first American captured + executed for spying

nathan hale

most notorious spy ring, based out of long island, uncovered Benedict arnold’s treason

culper ring

tailor/spy, son of liberty, Alexander Hamilton friend, saved George Washington through his intel

hercules mulligan

served in continental army 1775-1780, seen as war hero before turning to brits

benedict arnold

(summer 1776) largest brit force ever assembled until WWII, German mercenaries (hessians) fought w Brits, Washington's troops outnumbered + unprepared, brit push Washington troops across Delaware river + into PA

defeat in new york

(Christmas night 1776) Washington comments 2.4k men to cross Delaware river in row boats during storm, objective = get to Trenton NJ where hessians had garrison, Washington takes hessians by surprise + get victory ( win another in Princeton NJ 8 days later)

battle of trenton

brit attempted to cut colonies in half by separating new england (by taking control of Hudson river), American troops surround brit + brit surrender (oct 17 1777), turning point, french joined america

battle of saratoga

“hero of two worlds”, fought in American revolutionary war at 19 yrs old, later went back to France to participate in french revolution

Marquis de Lafayette

(winter 1777-1778) outside philly (was occupied by Brits), camp of Washington + continental army, harsh conditions, scarce food + clothing, low morale, deserters, 2k died

valley forge

prussian, became inspector general + major general of continental army, trained Washington's men + boosted moral through drills, sanitation, and camp layout, became Washington's chief of staff

Baron von Steuben

slide 60

brit move south

continental army + french forces laid siege to yorktown VA, brit general surrenders

brit surrender @ yorktown

brit acknowledges American indep, each side repays war debt, brit returned captured slaves

terms of treaty of paris (1783)

slide 65

fate of loyalists