Schools Vocab Chs. 9 & 10

decoding

Reading skills that focus on letter recognition, phoneme awareness, alphabetic knowledge, and word-level reading.

linguistic comprehension

Reading skills that go beyond decoding and encompass higher-level thinking and reasoning, morphosyntax, syntactic parsing, verbal and written expression, critical thinking, problem-solving, accessing information, and study skills.

literacy

An individual's ability to read, write, speak, compute, and solve problems at levels of proficiency necessary to function on the job, within the family of the individual, and in society.

neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)

A condition caused by withdrawal symptoms that a newborn experiences as a result of opioids the mother used during pregnancy.

postneonatal abstinence syndrome

A condition caused by longterm, residual effects of neonatal abstinence syndrome after a newborn has been treated. These residual effects may include, but are not limited to, cognitive, behavioral, developmental, and educational challenges and disabilities. Language and literacy development may be affected.

schema

A myriad of memory connections related to a word (its purpose, function, location, emotions attached to it, synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, etc.).

schemata

The plural form of schema.

transfer learning

The ability of the learner to apply a set of skills learned in one's environment to a variety of environments and/or problems.

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

An educational approach that fosters student engagement by presenting information in multiple ways and allowing for diverse avenues of action and expression.

value-added incentives

The evaluation of educators based on the progress that students make.

authentic assessment

Assessment of performance while the student is engaged in a realistic learning context.

curriculum standard

A description of the achievement a student is expected to gain at a specific point in the scope and sequence of the school's curriculum.

deficit-driven

Describing an educational approach in which the focus is placed on a problem or weakness.

educationally relevant

Referring to content pertaining to the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that the student is learning in his or her curriculum.