Monomers and polymers

Name exampes of polypeptides

Collagen, enzymes, keratin

Name examples of polysaccharides

Cellulose, glucogen, starch (amylose and amylopectin)

Name examples of lipids

Triglycerides (fats/oils), steroids, waxes, phospholipids

Name examples of nucleic acids

DNA, RNA

Name the monomer of polypeptides

Amino acid

Name the monomer of polysaccharides

Monosaccahride (glucose, fructose, galactose eg.)

Name the monomer of lipids

Triglycerides; phospholipids (sub units→ not exactly monomers)

Name monomer of nucleic acids

nucleotides

chemical properties of amino acids

• varies depending on r group

• SOME polar, soluble and hydrophilic

  • others may be non-polar and hydrophobic

chemical properties of monosaccharides

• POlar

• soluble

  • hydrophilic due to presence of OH

chemical properties of tryglycerides

• non-polar

• insolutble

• hydrophilic

chemical properties of nucelotides

• polar

• soluble

• hydrophilic (due to presence of charged phosphate group)

which elements are often present in polypeptides

C,H,O,N (sometimes S)

which elements are often present in polysaccharides

C,H,O

which elements are often present in lipids

C,H,O

which elements are often present in nucleic acids

C, H, O, N, P

name the bond formed by condensation for polypeptides

peptide bond

name the bond formed by condensation for polysaccharides

glycosidic bonds

name the bond formed by condensation for lipids

Ester bonds

name the bond formed by condensation for nucleic acids

Phosphodiester bonds

primary functions of polypeptides

• enzymes that help to catalyse metabolic reactions

• structure

• defence

• hormones

primary functions of polysaccharides

• energy storage without impacting osmosis

  • starch in plants + glycogen in animals

• Cellulose: primary component of cell walls

primary functions of lipids

• triglerides: long term energy storage/source

• phospholipids: primary componeent of plasma membrane→ insulation +protection for organs

primary functions of nucleic acids

dna: storage of genetics

where can polypeptides be found

• cytoplasm

  • membrane extracellular structure

where can polysaccharides be found

• starch : inside plant cytoplasm

• cellulose: plant cell wall

• Glycogen: within animal cells → specifically in liver and muscle

where can lipids be found

• membranes

• adipose

• tissue