A&PII - EXAM 5

What are the primary male reproductive organs?

Testes, which produce sperm and testosterone.

What are the primary female reproductive organs?

Ovaries, which produce eggs and estrogen (E₂).

What is the role of accessory organs in the reproductive system?

They support reproductive functions but do not produce gametes.

What hormones are involved in male gametogenesis?

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH).

What is spermatogenesis?

The process of sperm production in the testes.

What is oogenesis?

The process of egg production in the ovaries.

What is the significance of puberty in the reproductive system?

It triggers the production of FSH and LH, stimulating gamete and hormone production.

What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

Diploid cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), while haploid cells have 23 unpaired chromosomes.

What is the average duration of the female reproductive cycle?

28 days.

What occurs during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

Follicles mature and estrogen levels rise, leading to ovulation.

What triggers ovulation?

A surge in Luteinizing Hormone (LH) around day 13 of the cycle.

What happens during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

The corpus luteum forms and secretes estrogen and progesterone.

What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

It prepares the endometrium for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

What hormone is released during implantation?

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG).

What happens if there is no pregnancy after ovulation?

Estrogen and progesterone levels drop, leading to menstruation.

What is the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle?

The shedding of the endometrial lining, resulting in bleeding.

What is the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?

The thickening of the endometrium due to rising estrogen levels.

What is the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

The endometrium stores nutrient-rich secretions in preparation for a potential pregnancy.

What is the role of FSH in female reproductive health?

FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles and egg maturation.

What is the role of LH in male reproductive health?

LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

What is the significance of the corpus luteum?

It secretes hormones that maintain the endometrium during early pregnancy.

What is the lifespan of a typical human pregnancy?

Approximately 39 weeks.