Chapter 15 Test - Review 1

How did Malinche influence the early history of the Americas?

Malinche spoke both the Maya and Aztec languages and served as translator and advisor for Hernán Cortés. These Native American allies helped Cortés to capture and demolish the Aztec capital.

Why do you think more Spanish priests did not condemn the encomienda system?

The larger Spain's empire grew, the greater grew the power of the Church. The encomienda system generated wealth and brought order to and strengthened Spain's hold on its colonies. It was probably difficult for Church officials to speak out against an established order that benefited the Church.

Why did Britain and France fight a war in North America in the mid-1700s? What was the effects?

Both nations sought to protect and expand their land. The long war between these two powers ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris. Britain emerged as the dominant power in North America. In the treaty, France had to cede Canada and its lands east of the Mississippi to Britain, though France kept its lands in central North America.

Describe some of the items introduced by Europeans to the Americas in the Columbian Exchange. How did the Exchange benefit Native Americans? Describe items introduced from the Americas to Europe. How did they benefit Europeans?

Cattle (pigs, goats) improved the Native American diet. Horses and weapons helped Native American hunters. New food from the Americas, such as corn and potatoes, helped to feed Europe. Gold and silver benefited Europeans, since they enriched the economies of colonizing nations.

Who was the conquistador who added the lands of the present-day countries of Peru, Ecuador, and Chile to the Spanish empire?

Fransico pizzaro

Through the Treaty of Tordesilla in 1494,

Portugal claimed its empire of Brazil

The population of New France grew slowly because

the harsh winter kept many French from settling there.

The English colonies of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Maryland were mainly set up as ..

havens for persecuted religious groups

Who was at the top of Spanish colonized society?

Peninsulares, people from Spain

what is an estimate of the number of africans that probably died in the passage to the americas during the atlantic slave trade

2 mill

Widespread

inflaction struck europe in the mid 1500s due to the increasing amounts of

silver and gold from americas

what mercantilist policy was designed to protect local industries from foreign competition

tariffs increased the price of imported goods

to conquer the Aztec empire, Heranan Cortes

fromed alliances with conquered people who hated the aztecs

Conquistadors

Conquers sent by Spain to search of riches in the new world.

Viceroys

A representative who ruled in the Kings name.

Mocktezuma

An Aztec emporer

Privateers

Privately owned ship commissioned by a government to attack and capture enemy ships, especially merchants ships

Mercantilism

Policy by which a nation sought export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver

Cortes

Conquistador. A landowner in Cuba. Landed on the coast of Mexico. Captured & demolished Aztecs.

Middle passage

The leg of the triangular trade route on which slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas

Encomienda

The right to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans in a particular area