Farming, Ranching, and Agriculture

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24 Terms

1

longhorn cattle

A breed of cattle descended from Spanish stock, known for their large, spread horns.

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2

Chisholm Trail

A major cattle-driving route that connected central Texas to Abilene, Kansas, stretching 500 miles.

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3

Cowboys

Young men who drove cattle herds from Texas to market, often facing harsh conditions and low pay.

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4

Homestead Act of 1862

Legislation allowing settlers to claim 160 acres of land under certain conditions, promoting family farming.

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5

dummy homesteaders

Individuals who illegally claimed land to allow companies to usurp the best agricultural land.

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6

sodbusters

Tough steel plows designed for cultivation of the prairie land, which it was initially thought to be unsuitable for farming.

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7

barbed wire

A fencing material that drastically changed farming and ranching practices post-1883.

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8

crop lien system

An agricultural credit system that often trapped farmers in debt and dependency on cash crops.

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9

Greenback Movement

A movement aiming to increase the supply of paper currency to combat deflation.

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10

Munn v. Illinois (1877)

A court case that upheld state rights to set maximum freight rates for railroads.

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11

Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

Legislation that established Congressional authority to regulate interstate trade, laying groundwork for future regulations.

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12

Cattle Drives

The process of herding large numbers of cattle, commonly involving thousands of animals, from ranches to market.

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13

Agribusiness

A business model focused on agricultural production and efficiency, providing significant influence in the economy.

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14

Frederick Jackson Turner’s thesis

An argument stating that American history is characterized by successive westward expansion and that the frontier shaped American culture.

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15

Farming becomes a business

The transition from self-sufficient farming to commercial agriculture focused on cash crops.

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16

National Grange

An organization founded in 1867 aimed at cooperative marketing and supporting agriculture.

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17

Wabash Case (1886)

A landmark case that limited state regulation of interstate commerce, reserving that power for the federal government.

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18

Farmers' Alliance

A movement organizing farmers to address issues related to freight costs and advocating for economic reforms.

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19

Hereford cattle

A breed introduced to improve beef quality, causing conflicts due to tick-borne diseases in eastern cattle.

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20

cattle town

A town established for the trade and shipping of cattle, such as Abilene, Kansas.

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21

meatpacking industry

An industry that transformed food production and distribution, heavily influencing agriculture.

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22

pairs in the cattle economy

Refers to social dynamics and changes from transient labor to permanent employment among cowboys.

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23

prairie fires

Natural disasters that presented significant challenges for homesteaders and agriculture on the plains.

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24

drought

A prolonged dry period that negatively impacted farming viability during the late 1800s.

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