sexual reproduction in flowring plants

non albuminous or ex albuminous

pea , groundnut

albuminous seed

castor, wheat, maize, barley

perispermous seed

beet, blackpepper

the pollen tube releases the tow male gametes into

cytoplasm of synergids

polar nuclei are situated _______ the egg apparatus in the large central cell

below

multicarpellary syncarpous ovary

papaever

multicarpellary apocarpous ovary

michellia

The microsporangia develop further and become

pollen sacs

It nourishes the developing pollen grains possess dense cytoplasm and generally have more than one nucleus

tapetum

When the anther is young, a group of compactly arranged homogenous cells called the______ occupies the centre of each microsporangium.

sporogenous tissue

Pollen grains are generally spherical measuring about______ in diameter

25-50μm

Pollen grains are generally spherical measuring about______ in radius

12.5-25μm

It is a thin and continuous layer made up of cellulose and pectin.

intine

which cell of pollen grain has abundant food reserve and irregularly shaped nucleus

vegetative cell

which cell of pollen grain has spindle cell and nucleus and dense cytoplasm

generative cell

came into India as a contaminant with imported wheat, has become ubiquitous in occurrence and causes pollen allergy

parthenium

some cereals such as rice and wheat, pollen grains lose viability within

30 minutes

3 families whose pollen viability remains for months

Rosaceae, Leguminoseae and Solanaceae

The body of the ovule fuses with funicle in the region called

hilum

_____represents the junction between ovule and funicle.

hilum

Ovules generally differentiate a single megaspore mother cell (MMC) in the_____ region

micropyle

Integuments encircle the nucellus except at the tip where a small opening called the

micropyle

what does this diagram represents

megaspore dyad

This method of embryo sac formation from a single megaspore is termed

monosporic development

no of mitosis required to form embryo sac

3

no of cells in embryo sac

7

no of nucleus in embryo sac

8

common pancy aka

viola

plants which produce two type of flower

oxalis, viola, commelina

Only a small proportion of plants use

abiotic agents

Pollination by ____ is more common amongst abiotic pollinations

wind

Wind-pollination is quite common in

grasses

Pollination by water is quite rare in flowering plants and is limited to about ____
genera

30

pollination by water is mostly seen in

monocots

water pollinated freshwater plants

vallisneria and hydrilla

marine plants which is pollinated by water

zostera

plants pollinated by water

Vallisneria, Hydrilla, Zostera, sea grass

Pollen grains in many such species are long, ribbon like, mucilaginous, and they are carried passively

water pollinated

pollen grains are light and non-sticky ,They often possess well-exposed stamens so that the pollens are easily dispersed

wind pollinated

dominant biotic pollinating agent

bees

flowers are large, colourful, fragrant and rich in nectar. When the flowers are small, a number of flowers are clustered into an inflorescence to make them conspicuous.

insect pollinated

The flowers pollinated by _____ and ____ secrete foul odours to attract these
animals.

flies and beetles

In some species floral rewards are in providing safe places to lay eggs; an example

amorphophallus

a simple relationship between ____ and ____ in which they can’t complete their life cycle without each other

yucca and moth

the diagram shows pollination in

vallisneria

Continued self-pollination result in

inbreeding depression

Majority of flowering plants produce

hermaphrodite

If both male and female flowers are present on the same plant

monoecious

ex of monoecious

castor and maize

male and female flowers are present on different plants, that is each plant is either male or female

dioecious

ex of dioecious

papaya

what does this image describe

Pollen tubes growing through the style

All these events–from pollen deposition on the stigma until pollen tubes enter the ovule–are
together referred to as

pollen pistil interaction

which event is unique to flowering plants.

double fertilisation

The central cell after triple fusion becomes the

primary endosperm cell

The coconut water from tender coconut that you are familiar with, is
nothing but

free-nuclear endosperm

the surrounding white kernel of coconut is the

cellular endosperm

The zygote gives rise to the

proembryo

correct order

zygote → proembryo → globular embryo → heart shaped embryo → mature embryo

incorrect order

zygote → proembryo → heart shaped embryo → globular embryo → mature embryo

in monocots the reduced cotyledon is known as

epiblast

In the grass family the cotyledon is called

scutellum

what does the encircled part represents

scutellum

______and ______ of mature seeds are crucial for storage of seeds which can be used as food throughout the year and also to raise crop in the next season

Dehydration and dormancy

discovered during the archaeological excavation at King Herod’s palace near the Dead Sea

Phoenix dactylifera

The seed germinated and flowered after an estimated record of 10,000 years of dormancy and was found in Arctic tundra

Lupinus arcticus

a few flowering plants such as some species of _____and ______ , have evolved a
special mechanism, to produce seeds without fertilisation, called apomixis.

Asteraceae and grasses

form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction

apomixis.

Occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed is referred to as

polyembryony

ex of polyembryony

Citrus and Mango